Eyewitnesses to the Phenomenon of Russian Cold: Robert Boyle and the Accounts of Early Travelers North
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2022.3.716Ключевые слова:
путешествия по России, XVII в., Роберт Бойль, Джильс Флетчер, Московская компания, Королевское общество, холодАннотация
Статья посвящена изучению восприятия русского холода, отраженного в свидетельствах иностранцев, совершавших первые путешествия на север. Исследуя в начале 1660‑х гг. физические свойства феномена холода, Роберт Бойль адаптировал под свои задачи сообщения Джильса Флетчера о путешествии по России, написанные 77 годами ранее. Вдохновленный работой сэра Фрэнсиса Бэкона о тепле, Бойль стремился понять характеристики его противоположности – холода, но обнаружил, что его исследованиям мешает отсутствие такового в северной Англии. Поэтому он обратился, среди прочего, к печатному отчету посла Флетчера, который, плывя на север на корабле Московской компании, вел журнал, следуя инструкциям и рекомендациям, составленным для этой компании Себастьяном Каботом. Бойль нашел подтверждение точности описания холода, сделанного очевидцем Флетчером, с помощью своих друзей и соотечественников из Королевского общества, побывавших в России. В конечном счете это история о влиянии навигационных технологий Англии середины XVI в., торговых и дипломатических отношений с Россией на раннее научное исследование холода Робертом Бойлем конца XVII в., которая, по заключению автора, показывает, как изучение Русского Севера повлияло на раннем этапе на развитие естественных наук в Англии.
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