Просительные и благодарственные письма старообрядцев в имперский период
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2020.1.455Ключевые слова:
старообрядчество; эпистолярный жанр; библейские цитаты; сбор милостыни; Выго-Лексинское общежительствоАннотация
Анализируются старообрядческие письма XVIII–XIX вв., содержащие просьбы об оказании денежной или иной помощи и благодарения за нее. Материалом служат несколько десятков писем из различных севернорусских старообрядческих поселений (скитов и пустыней). Основное внимание уделяется письмам из Выго-Лексинского общежительства – крупнейшего в России старообрядческого центра XVIII – первой половины XIX в. Письма анализируются и как исторические источники, и как литературные памятники. Историческая ценность писем заключается в том, что они дают важную информацию о малоизвестных старообрядческих пустынях, количестве насельников в них, о связи этих поселений с другими центрами староверия. Письма сохранили имена старообрядческих настоятелей и их автографы – образцы почерков, которые могут быть использованы при атрибуции анонимных рукописей. Просительные письма включались в состав сборных книжек, с которыми старообрядческие пустыни отправляли своих представителей за милостыней и в которые заносились записи о пожертвованиях. В статье приводятся сведения о преследовании властями этой деятельности старообрядцев по сбору милостыни. Исследована также литературная основа писем: использование авторами библейских и святоотеческих цитат о нищелюбии и милосердии, притчевой формы, самоуничижительной лексики и т. д. Сделан вывод о том, что в письмах, составленных старообрядцами Выга, в полной мере воплотились принципы выговской литературной риторической школы.
Библиографические ссылки
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Druzhinin, V. G. (1912). Pisaniya russkikh staroobryadtsev [Russian Old Believer Writings]. St Petersburg, Imperatorskaya arkheograficheskaya komissiya. 534 p.
Filippov, I. (1862). Istoriya Vygovskoi staroobryadcheskoi pustyni [The History of the Vyg Old Believer Hermitage]. St Petersburg, Publ. D. E. Kozhanchikov. 499 p.
IRLI [Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Ust’-Tsilemskoe novoe sobranie. No. 102 (Blagodarstvennoe pis’mo Yakova Koz’micha, nastoyatelya Karkozerskoi pustyni (Kargopol’skii uezd), Stepanu Koz’michu Nosovu (Ust’-Tsilemskii uezd), poslednyaya chetvert’ XIX v.); No. 106 (Blagodarstvennoe pis’mo iz Poromskoi pustyni, konets XIX v.).
Khrushkaya, L. N. (2010). K istorii Pertozerskogo staroobryadcheskogo skita v Kemskom uezde Arkhangel’skoi gubernii [On the History of the Pertozersk Hermitage in Kemsky District of Arkhangelsk Province]. In Staroobryadchestvo: istoriya, kul’tura, sovremennost’. Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii, Velikii Novgorod, 30 sentyabrya – 2 oktyabrya 2009 g. Moscow, Borovsk, S. n., pp. 102–117.
Korablev, N. A., Moshina, T. A. (2008). Gorodskie golovy Petrozavodska. 1778–1918 gg. Biograficheskii spravochnik [Petrozavodsk City Chiefs. 1778–1918. Biographical Reference Book]. Petrozavodsk, Standart. 76 p.
Maksimov, S. V. (1987). Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2 t. [Selected Works. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaya literatura. Vol. 1. 448 p.
Malyshev, V. I. (1962). Perepiska i delovye bumagi ust’-tsilemskikh krest’yan XVIII–XIX vv. [Correspondence and Business Papers of Ust-Tsilma Peasants of the 18th–19th Centuries]. In TODRL. Moscow, Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. Vol. 18, pp. 442–457.
Markelov, G. V. (2004). Pisaniya vygovtsev. Katalog-intsipitarii. Teksty. Po materialam Drevlekhranilishcha Pushkinskogo Doma [Vyg Old Believer Writings. Catalogue-Incipitarium. Texts. Based on the Archival Materials of the Pushkin House]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 420 p.
Markelov, G. V. (2008). Vygoretskii chinovnik v 2 t. [Vygoretsky Official. 2 Vols.]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. Vol. 2. Teksty i issledovanie. 556 p.
Melikhov, M. V. (Ed.). (2005). Pechorskii staroobryadcheskii pisatel’ S. A. Nosov: videniya, pis’ma, zapiski [S. A. Nosov, an Old Believer Writer from the Pechora River: Visions, Letters, Notes]. Moscow, Pamyatniki istoricheskoi mysli. 423 p.
Melyutina, M. N., Terebikhin, N. M. (2013). Sakral’nyi landshaft Kenozer’ya. [The Sacred Landscape of Kenozerye]. Arkhangel’sk, Natsional’nyi park “Kenozerskii”. 202 p.
NARK [National Archive of the Republic of Karelia]. Stock 1 (Kantselyariya Olonetskogo gubernatora). List 1. Dos. 43/20 (Delo po otnosheniyu olonetskogo arkhiepiskopa o naidennoi pristavom Kachalovym v dome krest’yanina Vasil’ya Basargina knizhke dlya sbora podayanii na rasprostranenie raskola, 1868 g.); List 46. Dos. 4/70 (Delo o staroobryadcheskoi molennoi, otkrytoi v Kenoretskoi volosti Kargopol’skogo uezda, 1838–1841 gg.); List 46. Dos. 14/365 (Delo kantselyarii Olonetskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora sekretnogo stola po predstavleniyu Kargopol’skogo uezdnogo suda o sbore deneg na raskol’nicheskie skity krest’yaninom Mikhailom Shel’ginskim i o Shozhmozerskoi pustyni, 1849–1856 gg.).
Novikova L. N. (1998). Epistolyarnoe nasledie staroobryadki A. N. Putinoi. K voprosu o staroobryadcheskoi simvolike XX v. [The Epistolary Heritage of Old Believer A. N. Putina. Discussing the Question of the Old Believer Symbolism of the 20th Century]. In Mir staroobryadchestva. Zhivye traditsii. Moscow, ROSSPEN. Iss. 4, pp. 206–215.
ORK NB PetrGU [Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of Petrozavodsk State University]. No. 1004689 (Pis’mo Kh. P. Kostinu iz Vygovskoi pustyni, 1819 g.).
ORK NB SGU [Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of Saratov State University]. Sobranie I. A. Shlyapkina. No. 284 (Sbornik-konvolyut, XVIII–XIX vv.).
Ostrovskii, D. (1900). Kargopol’skie “beguny”. (Kratkii istoricheskii ocherk) [Kargopol Fugitives. (A Historical Summary)]. Petrozavodsk, S. n. 22 p.
Pashkov, A. M. (2006). S. A. Priklonskii – issledovatel’ staroobryadchestva Karelii [S. A. Priklonsky, a Researcher of Old Believers of Karelia]. In Zhenshchina v staroobryadchestve. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 300-letiyu osnovaniya Leksinskoi staroobryadcheskoi obiteli. Petrozavodsk, Izdatel’stvo Petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, pp. 59–66.
Peretts, V. N. (1960). Opisanie sobraniya rukopisei professora I. A. Shlyapkina, prinesennogo v dar vladel’tsem Saratovskomu gosudarstvennomu universitetu [Description of the Manuscript Collection of Professor I. A. Shlyapkin Donated by the Owner to Saratov State University]. In Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1959 god. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 361–466.
Pigin, A. V. (2016). Prositel’noe poslanie staroobryadtsev Sheltoporogskogo skita o milostyne [A Letter of Request for Donations by the Old Believers of the Sheltoporog Hermitage]. In Finno-ugorskaya mozaika. Sbornik statei k yubileyu Irmy Ivanovny Mullonen. Petrozavodsk, Izdatel’stvo Karel’skogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, pp. 308–314.
Pigin, A. V. (Ed.). (2010). Pamyatniki knizhnoi stariny Russkogo Severa: kollektsii rukopisei XV–XX vekov v gosudarstvennykh khranilishchakh Respubliki Kareliya [Book Antiquities of Northern Russia: Manuscript Collections from the 15th–20th Centuries in the State Depositories of the Republic of Karelia]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 608 p.
Pigin, A. V. (Ed.). (2017). Svyatoi prepodobnyi Diodor Yur’egorskii i sozdannyi im monastyr’ [St Reverend Diodor Yuryegorsky and the Monastery He Established]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 528 p.
Ponyrko, N. V. (1974). Vygovskoe sillabicheskoe stikhotvorstvo [The Syllabic Poetry of the Vyg Community]. In TODRL. Leningrad, Nauka. Vol. 29, pp. 274–290.
Romanenko, E. V. (2003). Nil Sorskii i traditsii russkogo monashestva [Nilus of Sora and the Traditions of Russian Monasticism]. Moscow, Pamyatniki istoricheskoi mysli. 256 p.
Staritsyn, A. N. (2014). Starovercheskie poseleniya v okrestnostyakh Diodoro-Yur’egorskogo monastyrya [Old Believer Settlements in the Surroundings of Diodor-Yur’egorskiy Monastery]. In Uchenye zapiski Petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Obshchestvennye i gumanitarnye nauki. No. 3 (140), pp. 18–23.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2019). 25 let epistolyarnogo obshcheniya I. N. Zavoloko i M. I. Chuvanova [25 Years of Epistolary Communication between I. N. Zavoloko and M. I. Chuvanov]. Moscow, Izdatel’skii dom YaSK. 264 p.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2002). Vygovskaya staroobryadcheskaya pustyn’: dukhovnaya zhizn’ i literatura v 2 t. [The Vyg Old Believer Hermitage – Spiritual Life and Literature. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury. Vol. 1. 544 p. Vol. 2. 480 p.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2008). Literaturnoe nasledie Vygovskogo staroobryadcheskogo obshchezhitel’stva v 2 t. [The Literary Heritage of the Vyg Old Believer Community. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskikh kul’tur. Vol. 2. 568 p.
Zhuravel’, O. D. (2012). Literaturnoe tvorchestvo staroobryadtsev XVIII – nachala XXI v.: temy, problemy, poetika [Old Believer Literary Works of the 18th – Early 21st Centuries: Topics, Issues, Poetics]. Novosibirsk, Izdatel’stvo Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN. 442 p.
Dnevnye dozornye zapisi o moskovskikh raskol’nikakh. Chasti 3–7. S predisloviem A. Titova [Diurnal Records Tracking Moscow Schismatics. Parts 3–7. Foreword by A. Titov]. (1892). In ChOIDR. Book 1 (160), pp. 1–98.
Druzhinin, V. G. (1912). Pisaniya russkikh staroobryadtsev [Russian Old Believer Writings]. St Petersburg, Imperatorskaya arkheograficheskaya komissiya. 534 p.
Filippov, I. (1862). Istoriya Vygovskoi staroobryadcheskoi pustyni [The History of the Vyg Old Believer Hermitage]. St Petersburg, Publ. D. E. Kozhanchikov. 499 p.
IRLI [Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Ust’-Tsilemskoe novoe sobranie. No. 102 (Blagodarstvennoe pis’mo Yakova Koz’micha, nastoyatelya Karkozerskoi pustyni (Kargopol’skii uezd), Stepanu Koz’michu Nosovu (Ust’-Tsilemskii uezd), poslednyaya chetvert’ XIX v.); No. 106 (Blagodarstvennoe pis’mo iz Poromskoi pustyni, konets XIX v.).
Khrushkaya, L. N. (2010). K istorii Pertozerskogo staroobryadcheskogo skita v Kemskom uezde Arkhangel’skoi gubernii [On the History of the Pertozersk Hermitage in Kemsky District of Arkhangelsk Province]. In Staroobryadchestvo: istoriya, kul’tura, sovremennost’. Materialy IX Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii, Velikii Novgorod, 30 sentyabrya – 2 oktyabrya 2009 g. Moscow, Borovsk, S. n., pp. 102–117.
Korablev, N. A., Moshina, T. A. (2008). Gorodskie golovy Petrozavodska. 1778–1918 gg. Biograficheskii spravochnik [Petrozavodsk City Chiefs. 1778–1918. Biographical Reference Book]. Petrozavodsk, Standart. 76 p.
Maksimov, S. V. (1987). Izbrannye proizvedeniya v 2 t. [Selected Works. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Khudozhestvennaya literatura. Vol. 1. 448 p.
Malyshev, V. I. (1962). Perepiska i delovye bumagi ust’-tsilemskikh krest’yan XVIII–XIX vv. [Correspondence and Business Papers of Ust-Tsilma Peasants of the 18th–19th Centuries]. In TODRL. Moscow, Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. Vol. 18, pp. 442–457.
Markelov, G. V. (2004). Pisaniya vygovtsev. Katalog-intsipitarii. Teksty. Po materialam Drevlekhranilishcha Pushkinskogo Doma [Vyg Old Believer Writings. Catalogue-Incipitarium. Texts. Based on the Archival Materials of the Pushkin House]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 420 p.
Markelov, G. V. (2008). Vygoretskii chinovnik v 2 t. [Vygoretsky Official. 2 Vols.]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. Vol. 2. Teksty i issledovanie. 556 p.
Melikhov, M. V. (Ed.). (2005). Pechorskii staroobryadcheskii pisatel’ S. A. Nosov: videniya, pis’ma, zapiski [S. A. Nosov, an Old Believer Writer from the Pechora River: Visions, Letters, Notes]. Moscow, Pamyatniki istoricheskoi mysli. 423 p.
Melyutina, M. N., Terebikhin, N. M. (2013). Sakral’nyi landshaft Kenozer’ya. [The Sacred Landscape of Kenozerye]. Arkhangel’sk, Natsional’nyi park “Kenozerskii”. 202 p.
NARK [National Archive of the Republic of Karelia]. Stock 1 (Kantselyariya Olonetskogo gubernatora). List 1. Dos. 43/20 (Delo po otnosheniyu olonetskogo arkhiepiskopa o naidennoi pristavom Kachalovym v dome krest’yanina Vasil’ya Basargina knizhke dlya sbora podayanii na rasprostranenie raskola, 1868 g.); List 46. Dos. 4/70 (Delo o staroobryadcheskoi molennoi, otkrytoi v Kenoretskoi volosti Kargopol’skogo uezda, 1838–1841 gg.); List 46. Dos. 14/365 (Delo kantselyarii Olonetskogo grazhdanskogo gubernatora sekretnogo stola po predstavleniyu Kargopol’skogo uezdnogo suda o sbore deneg na raskol’nicheskie skity krest’yaninom Mikhailom Shel’ginskim i o Shozhmozerskoi pustyni, 1849–1856 gg.).
Novikova L. N. (1998). Epistolyarnoe nasledie staroobryadki A. N. Putinoi. K voprosu o staroobryadcheskoi simvolike XX v. [The Epistolary Heritage of Old Believer A. N. Putina. Discussing the Question of the Old Believer Symbolism of the 20th Century]. In Mir staroobryadchestva. Zhivye traditsii. Moscow, ROSSPEN. Iss. 4, pp. 206–215.
ORK NB PetrGU [Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of Petrozavodsk State University]. No. 1004689 (Pis’mo Kh. P. Kostinu iz Vygovskoi pustyni, 1819 g.).
ORK NB SGU [Department of Rare Books of the Scientific Library of Saratov State University]. Sobranie I. A. Shlyapkina. No. 284 (Sbornik-konvolyut, XVIII–XIX vv.).
Ostrovskii, D. (1900). Kargopol’skie “beguny”. (Kratkii istoricheskii ocherk) [Kargopol Fugitives. (A Historical Summary)]. Petrozavodsk, S. n. 22 p.
Pashkov, A. M. (2006). S. A. Priklonskii – issledovatel’ staroobryadchestva Karelii [S. A. Priklonsky, a Researcher of Old Believers of Karelia]. In Zhenshchina v staroobryadchestve. Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii, posvyashchennoi 300-letiyu osnovaniya Leksinskoi staroobryadcheskoi obiteli. Petrozavodsk, Izdatel’stvo Petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, pp. 59–66.
Peretts, V. N. (1960). Opisanie sobraniya rukopisei professora I. A. Shlyapkina, prinesennogo v dar vladel’tsem Saratovskomu gosudarstvennomu universitetu [Description of the Manuscript Collection of Professor I. A. Shlyapkin Donated by the Owner to Saratov State University]. In Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1959 god. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 361–466.
Pigin, A. V. (2016). Prositel’noe poslanie staroobryadtsev Sheltoporogskogo skita o milostyne [A Letter of Request for Donations by the Old Believers of the Sheltoporog Hermitage]. In Finno-ugorskaya mozaika. Sbornik statei k yubileyu Irmy Ivanovny Mullonen. Petrozavodsk, Izdatel’stvo Karel’skogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN, pp. 308–314.
Pigin, A. V. (Ed.). (2010). Pamyatniki knizhnoi stariny Russkogo Severa: kollektsii rukopisei XV–XX vekov v gosudarstvennykh khranilishchakh Respubliki Kareliya [Book Antiquities of Northern Russia: Manuscript Collections from the 15th–20th Centuries in the State Depositories of the Republic of Karelia]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 608 p.
Pigin, A. V. (Ed.). (2017). Svyatoi prepodobnyi Diodor Yur’egorskii i sozdannyi im monastyr’ [St Reverend Diodor Yuryegorsky and the Monastery He Established]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 528 p.
Ponyrko, N. V. (1974). Vygovskoe sillabicheskoe stikhotvorstvo [The Syllabic Poetry of the Vyg Community]. In TODRL. Leningrad, Nauka. Vol. 29, pp. 274–290.
Romanenko, E. V. (2003). Nil Sorskii i traditsii russkogo monashestva [Nilus of Sora and the Traditions of Russian Monasticism]. Moscow, Pamyatniki istoricheskoi mysli. 256 p.
Staritsyn, A. N. (2014). Starovercheskie poseleniya v okrestnostyakh Diodoro-Yur’egorskogo monastyrya [Old Believer Settlements in the Surroundings of Diodor-Yur’egorskiy Monastery]. In Uchenye zapiski Petrozavodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Obshchestvennye i gumanitarnye nauki. No. 3 (140), pp. 18–23.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2019). 25 let epistolyarnogo obshcheniya I. N. Zavoloko i M. I. Chuvanova [25 Years of Epistolary Communication between I. N. Zavoloko and M. I. Chuvanov]. Moscow, Izdatel’skii dom YaSK. 264 p.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2002). Vygovskaya staroobryadcheskaya pustyn’: dukhovnaya zhizn’ i literatura v 2 t. [The Vyg Old Believer Hermitage – Spiritual Life and Literature. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury. Vol. 1. 544 p. Vol. 2. 480 p.
Yukhimenko, E. M. (2008). Literaturnoe nasledie Vygovskogo staroobryadcheskogo obshchezhitel’stva v 2 t. [The Literary Heritage of the Vyg Old Believer Community. 2 Vols.]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskikh kul’tur. Vol. 2. 568 p.
Zhuravel’, O. D. (2012). Literaturnoe tvorchestvo staroobryadtsev XVIII – nachala XXI v.: temy, problemy, poetika [Old Believer Literary Works of the 18th – Early 21st Centuries: Topics, Issues, Poetics]. Novosibirsk, Izdatel’stvo Sibirskogo otdeleniya RAN. 442 p.
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Опубликован
2020-04-01
Как цитировать
Pigin, A. (2020). Просительные и благодарственные письма старообрядцев в имперский период. Quaestio Rossica, 8(1), 176–189. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2020.1.455
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Раздел
Problema voluminis
