Российская империя и национальные окраины: между теорией самодержавия и практикой управления
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2018.3.331Ключевые слова:
Российская империя; национальные окраины; Романовы; самодержавие; имперская политика; геополитикаАннотация
Статья посвящена взаимоотношениям Российской империи и ее национальных окраин. Авторы фокусируют внимание не на традиционном анализе имперских методов их инкорпорации, а на процессе деформации имперских принципов организации власти под влиянием окраин. Работа основана на документах федеральных архивохранилищ и на опубликованных исторических свидетельствах. Исследование построено вокруг трех осевых проблем империи Романовых: во-первых, географии как тяжелой борьбы с расстоянием, во-вторых, политики как административной практики, в-третьих, экономики как цены окраин. Определен фундаментальный принцип окраинной политики российского самодержавия – стремление к политическому и культурному слиянию периферии с ядром государства. Отмечено, что проблемы, связанные с реализацией этого принципа, заставляли имперские власти искать другие механизмы интеграции окраин. Авторы приходят к выводу, что опыт Российской империи показывает противоречивость государственной теории и практики. Это позволяет говорить о том, что окраины были не только объектом имперской политики, но и субъектом развития самой империи.
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Andreeva, T. V., Vibe, I. N., Milovidov, B. P., Shilov, D. N. (Eds). (2017). Zhurnaly Komiteta Zapadnykh gubernii [Journals of the Committee of the Western Provinces]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. Vol. 1. 1831–1835 gg. 848 p.
Anisimov, S. S. (1925). Voenno-Gruzinskaya doroga [Military-Georgian Road]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Vsesoyuznogo tsentral’nogo soveta professional’nykh soyuzov. 205 p.
Bartenev, P. I. (Ed.). (1892). Arkhiv knyazya Vorontsova v 40 kn. [The Archive of Prince Vorontsov. 40 Books]. Moscow, Universitetskaya tipografiya. Book 38. 536 p.
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Esadze, S. S. (1907). Istoricheskaya zapiska ob upravlenii Kavkazom v 2 t. [A Historical Note on the Management of the Caucasus. 2 Vols.]. Tiflis, Tipografiya “Guttenberg”. Vol. 2. 310 p.
Etkind, A. M. (2013). Vnutrennyaya kolonizatsiya. Imperskii opyt Rossii [Internal Colonisation. The Imperial Experience of Russia]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 441 p.
GARF [State Archive of the Russian Federation]. Stock 586. List 1. Dos. 242, 873; Stock 672. List 1. Dos. 301; Stock 678. List 1. Dos. 687.
Glebov, S. (Ed.). (2012). Region v istorii imperii. Istoricheskie esse o Sibiri [Region in the History of the Empire. Historical Essays on Siberia]. Moscow, Novoe izdatel’stvo. 294 p.
Golovin, K. F. (1910). Moi vospominaniya v 2 t. [My Memoirs. 2 Vols.]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva “Svet”. Vol. 2. 274 p.
Gordin, Ya. A., Milovidov, B. P. (Eds.). (2002). Kavkazskaya voina: istoki i nachalo: 1770–1820 gody [The Caucasian War: Origins and the Beginning: 1770–1820]. St Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo zhurnala “Zvezda”. 549 p.
Grosul, V. Ya. (1997). Sistema upravleniya Moldavii v sostave Rossii (XVIII – nachalo XX v.) [The System of Governance of Moldova as Part of Russia (18th – Early 20th Centuries)]. In Agadzhanov, S. G., Mukhamed’yarov, Sh. F., Trepavlov, V. V., et al. Natsional’nye okrainy Rossiiskoi imperii: stanovlenie i razvitie sistemy upravleniya. Moscow, Slavyanskii dialog, pp. 162–185.
Grosul, Ya. S., Budak, I. G. (1972). Ocherki istorii narodnogo khozyaistva Bessarabii (1861–1905) [Essays on the History of the National Economy of Bessarabia (1861–1905)]. Chisinau, Kartya Moldovenyaske. 603 p.
Jászi, O. (2011). Raspad Gabsburgskoi monarkhii [The Disintegration of the Habsburg Monarchy]. Moscow, Tri kvadrata. 607 p.
Kappeler, A. (2000). Rossiya – mnogonatsional’naya imperiya [Russia is a Multinational Empire]. Moscow, Progress – Traditsiya. 344 p.
Kasso, L. A. (1913). Rossiya na Dunae i obrazovanie Bessarabskoi oblasti [Russia on the Danube and the Formation of Bessarabian Region]. Moscow, Pechatnaya A. Snegirevoi. 230 p.
Knabe, G. S. (1991). Imperiya izzhivaet sebya, kogda okrainy dogonyayut tsentr [The Empire Outlives itself when the Outskirts Catch up with the Centre]. In Vostok. No. 4, pp. 76–83.
Korf, M. A. (2003). Zapiski [Memoirs]. Moscow, Zakharov. 719 p.
Kratkii istoricheskii ocherk razvitiya i deyate’nosti Vedomstva putei soobshcheniya za sto let ego sushchestvovaniya (1798–1898 gg.) [A Brief Historical Outline of the Development and Activity of the Department of Railways for a Hundred Years of its Existence (1798–1898)]. (1898). St Petersburg, Tipografiya Ministerstva putei soobshcheniya. 221 p.
Kushko, A., Taki, V., Grom, O. (2012). Bessarabiya v sostave Rossiiskoi imperii (1812–1917) [Bessarabia in the Russian Empire (1812–1917)]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 392 p.
Letnyakov, D. E. (2017). Rets. na kn.: Alexei Miller, Stefan Berger (Eds.). Nationalizing Empires [Review of: Alexei Miller, Stefan Berger (Eds.). Nationalizing Empires]. In Antropologicheskii forum. No. 32, pp. 203–216.
Miller, A. I. (2000). “Ukrainskii vopros” v politike vlastei i russkom obshchestvennom mnenii (vtoraya polovina XIX v.) [“The Ukrainian Question” in the Policy of the Authorities and Russian Public Opinion (Second Half of the 19th Century)]. St Petersburg, Aleteiya. 267 p.
Miller, A., Berger, S. (Eds.). (2015). Nationalizing Empires. N. Y., CEU Press. 691 p.
Mironov, B. N. (2017). Upravlenie etnicheskim mnogoobraziem Rossiiskoi imperii [Managing the Ethnic Diversity of the Russian Empire]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 638 p.
Narochnitskii, A. L. (Ed.). (1988). Istoriya narodov Severnogo Kavkaza (konets XVIII v. – 1917 g.) [The History of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus (Late 18th Century – 1917)]. Moscow, Nauka. 659 p.
Nouele drumuri de fier în Basarabia. (1913). In Cuvânt Moldovenesc. Nr. 5, pp. 79–80.
OR RGB [Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library]. Stock 169. Box 19. Dos. 7.
Poștarencu, D. (2005). Contribuții la istoria modernă a Basarabiei. 2 Vols. Chișinău, Grafema-Libris. Vol. 1. 136 p.
Pravila ob otnosheniyakh Kavkazskogo namestnika [Rules for the Relations of the Caucasian Viceroy]. (1846). St Petersburg, Voennaya tipografiya. 11 p.
Pravilova, E. A. (2006). Finansy imperii: den’gi i vlast’ v politike Rossii na natsional’nykh okrainakh, 1801–1917 [Finances of the Empire: Money and Power in Russia’s Politics on the Periphery of the Nation, 1801–1917]. Moscow, Novoe izdatel’stvo. 453 p.
PSZRI-1 [The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. First Collection]. Vol. 25. 674 p.
PSZRI-2 [The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. Second Collection]. Vol. 32. 1066 p.
Reynolds, M. (2011). Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908–1918. Cambridge, N. Y., Cambridge Univ. Press. 303 p.
RGIA [Russian State Historical Archive]. Stock 561. List 1. Dos. 206; Stock 932. List 1. Dos. 321.
Said, E. (1994). Culture and Imperialism. N. Y., Vintage Books. 528 p.
Shoinbaev, T. Zh. (1973). Progressivnoe znachenie prisoedineniya Kazakhstana k Rossii [The Progressive Significance of Kazakhstan’s Joining to Russia]. Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan. 248 p.
Shubin, A. V. (2015). Istoriya Novorossii [The History of Novorossia]. Moscow, Olma Media Grupp. 476 p.
Sollogub, V. A. (1854). Fel’eton. Ivan Vasil’evich na Kavkaze [Feuilleton. Ivan Vasilyevich in the Caucasus]. In Kavkaz. No. 30. 21 April, pp. 447–449.
Taki, V. (2004). Istoricheskaya pamyat’ i konstruirovanie regiona posle prisoedineniya k imperii: osobaya forma pravleniya v Bessarabii v 1818–1828 gg. [Historical Memory and Construction of the Region after Joining the Empire: A Special Form of Government in Bessarabia in 1818–1828]. In Ab Imperio. No. 3, pp. 145–174.
Urusov, S. D. (1907). Ocherki proshlogo [Sketches of the Past]. Moscow, Tipografiya V. M. Sablina. Vol. 1. Zapiski gubernatora. Kishinev, 1903–1904. 377 p.
Vin’kovetskii, I. (2015). Russkaya Amerika: zaokeanskaya koloniya kontinental’noi imperii, 1804–1867 [Russian America: The Overseas Colony of Continental Empire, 1804–1867]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 317 p.
Vyderzhki iz dnevnika D. A. Milyutina [Excerpts from the Diary of D. A. Milyutin]. (2018). In Peretts, E. A. Dnevnik (1880–1883) / ed. by A. A. Belykh. Moscow, Izdatel’skii dom “Delo” RANKhiGS, pp. 387–418.
Zhukov, V. I. (Ed.). (1987). Istoricheskoe znachenie prisoedineniya Bessarabii i Levoberezhnogo Podnestrov’ya k Rossii [The Historical Significance of Joining Bessarabia and the Left Bank of the Dniester Region to Russia]. Kishinev, Shtiintsa. 333 p.
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Опубликован
2018-09-30
Как цитировать
Urushadze, A., Grom, O., & Dmitrieva, N. (2018). Российская империя и национальные окраины: между теорией самодержавия и практикой управления. Quaestio Rossica, 6(3), 835–853. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2018.3.331
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