В поисках «выхода из тупика»: транссибирские транспортные проекты конца XIX – начала XX в.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2018.3.327Ключевые слова:
новая пространственная история; географическое воображение; пути сообщения; Транссибирская железнодорожная магистраль; Великий Сибирский речной путь; Северный морской путьАннотация
На основе широкого круга публицистических работ конца XIX – начала XX в., отображающих взгляды различных деловых, политических и общественных групп, анализируются нарративные стратегии репрезентации как реализованных, так и оставшихся на бумаге транссибирских транспортных проектов данного периода. Целью исследования является экспликация культурных установок и политических устремлений авторов транспортных проектов, лежащих в основе их стратегий ментального присвоения территории. Выделяются и анализируются три аспекта восприятия сибирского пространства: имперский, областнический и транснациональный. В первом сибирское пространство виделось как гигантский геополитический мост, предназначенный соединить центр с удаленными от него российскими территориями (Дальний Восток) и сферами влияния (Маньчжурия, Северо-Восточный Китай). Этот подход был реализован благодаря строительству Великой Сибирской железнодорожной магистрали, своеобразной «горизонтали власти», связавшей имперский центр и окраины. Центральной метафорой областнического воображения Сибири было представление о «закрытости» последней, вызванной не столько естественными, сколько искусственно созданными экономическими причинами. Российское правительство способствовало сбыту сибирского масла, но не поощряло хлебный экспорт. Надежды на подъем внешней торговли Сибири связывались в первую очередь с Великим Сибирским железнодорожным путем. Однако с введением в 1896 г. Челябинского тарифного перелома этот путь для сибирского хлеба был фактически закрыт. В этих условиях сибирские производители вернулись к идее 1860–1870-х гг. о транзитном торговом пути из Сибири в Европу. На рубеже XIX–XX вв. обозначились два основных подхода к его созданию: соединение бассейнов сибирских и центрально-российских рек (Великий Сибирский речной путь) vs установление сообщения этих рек через Карское море (Северный морской путь). В третьем, транснациональном аспекте, все три названных пути воспринимались как элементы будущих глобальных транзитных сетей. После Русско-японской войны 1904–1905 гг. российские правящие круги все чаще видели в нем национальную коммуникационную систему, имевшую не только экономическое, но и военно-стратегическое значение. Накануне Первой мировой войны характерное для конца XIX в. представление о Северном морском пути как международной магистрали сменилось представлением о нем как о своего рода «естественной монополии» российского государства.
Библиографические ссылки
Ageev, I. A. (2010). Ob’-Eniseiskii kanal v transportnoi sisteme Sibiri (vtoraya polovina XIX − nachalo XX v.) [The Ob-Yenisei Canal in the Transport System of Siberia (Second Half of the 19th − Early 20th Centuries)]. In Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Seriya Istoriya. No. 3, pp. 22–26.
Armstrong, T. (1952). The Northern Sea Route: Soviet Exploitation of the North East Passage. L., Cambridge Univ. Press. 186 p.
Baikalov, A. V. (1913). Severnyi morskoi put’ k ust’yam r. r. Obi i Eniseya [The Northern Sea Route to the Mouths of the Ob and the Yenisei]. Krasnoyarsk, Vostochno-Sibirskoe obshchestvo sel’skogo khozyaistva, promyshlennosti i torgovli. 24 p.
Baron, N. (2008). New Spatial Histories of 20th-Century Russia and the Soviet Union: Exploring the Terrain. In Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. No. 9/2, pp. 433–447.
Baron, N. Vlast’ i prostranstvo. Avtonomnaya Kareliya v Sovetskom gosudarstve. 1920–1939 [Power and Space. Autonomous Karelia in the Soviet State. 1920–1939]. Moscow, Fond “Prezidentskii tsentr B. N. El’tsina”, ROSSPEN. 398 p.
Bassin, M., Ely, C., Stockdale, M. K. (Eds.). (2010). Space, Place, and Power in Modern Russia: Essays in the New Spatial History. DeKalb, Northern Illinois Univ. Press. 250 p.
Belyaeva, N. A. (2012). Porto-franko v ust’yakh sibirskikh rek v kontse XIX – nachale XX stoletiya [Free Trade Zones in the Mouths of the Siberian Rivers in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries]. In Gumanitarnye issledovaniya v Vostochnoi Sibiri i na Dal’nem Vostoke. No. 1 (17), pp. 5–9.
Bol’shakov, V. N. (1991). Ocherki istorii rechnogo transporta Sibiri. XIX vek [Essays on the History of River Transportation in Siberia. 19th Century]. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 145 p.
Borisov, A. A. (1910). Velikii Severovostochnyi morskoi put’. Velikii rechnoi put’ iz Sibiri v Evropu [The Northern Sea Route. The Great Waterway from Siberia to Europe]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina. 52 p.
Chubinskii, P. (1906). Nepreryvnyi vodnyi put’ ot S.-Peterburga do ozera Baikal [An Uninterrupted Waterway from St Petersburg to Lake Baikal]. In Russkoe sudokhodstvo. No. 5, pp. 39–73.
Dudnikov, E. E., Kosmin, V. V. (2014). Nerealizovannye transportnye proekty na Severe Rossii: nezamerzayushchii morskoi port Indiga, Sredne-Lenskii promyshlennyi kompleks, Lensko-Kamchatskaya zheleznodorozhnaya magistral’ [Unrealised Transportation Projects in the Russian North: The Non-Freezing Seaport Indiga, the Middle-Lensky Industrial Complex, the Lena-Kamchatka Mainline Railway]. Moscow, URSS LENAND. 105 p.
Eniseets. (1898). Severnyi morskoi put’ [The Northern Sea Route]. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya B. M. Vol’fa. 40 p.
Golokhvastov, A. D. (1891). Tranzitnye torgovye puti iz Sibiri v Evropu [Transit Trade Routes from Siberia to Europe]. St Petersburg, Kommercheskaya skoropechatnya Evgeniya Tilya. 25 p.
Goncharov, A. E. (2010). Sibirskie predprinimateli i Severnyi morskoi put’ [Siberian Entrepreneurs and the Northern Sea Route]. In Sibirskii subetnos: kul’tura, traditsii, mental’nost’. Materialy VI Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi internet-konferentsii. Krasnoyarsk, Rezonans, pp. 42–50.
Goncharov, A. E. (2012). K voprosu o nachale anglo-russkoi torgovli po Severnomu morskomu puti vo vtoroi polovine XIX v. [On the Beginning of English-Russian Trade via the Northern Sea Route in the Late 19th Century]. In Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. No. 2, pp. 344–350.
Goncharov, A. E. (2013). The Trans-Siberian Railway and the Northern Sea Route. In Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki. Vol. 6. No. 1, pp. 31–42.
Goncharov, A. E. (2014). Severnyi morskoi put’ i Russko-yaponskaya voina 1904–1905 gg. [The Northern Sea Route and the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War]. In Sibir’ v voinakh nachala XX veka. Materialy Sibirskogo istoricheskogo foruma, Krasnoyarsk, 3–6 dekabrya 2013 g., Krasnoyarsk, Rezonans, pp. 86–91.
Gulishambarov, S. I. (1893). Torgovlya, promyshlennost’ i puti soobshcheniya v Sibiri [Trade, Industry, and Communications in Siberia]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya V. Kirshbauma. 78 p.
Korandei, F. S. (2017). Sibirskii shkaf s angliiskimi travelogami: istoriya tyumenskikh britantsev epokhi otkrytiya Severnogo morskogo puti i narrativy transimperskoi globalizatsii, 1859–1925 [A Siberian Bookcase with English Travelogues: A History of Tyumen Brits in the Age of the Discovery of the Northern Sea Route and Narratives of Trans-Imperial Globalisation, 1859–1925]. In Ab Imperio. No. 3. pp. 27–76.
Krypton, C. (1953). The Northern Sea Route, Its Place in Russian Economic History before 1917. N. Y., Methuen. 194 p.
Kulibina, N. V. (1915). Vneshnyaya torgovlya Rossii maslom, v svyazi s peresmotrom torgovykh dogovorov [Russian Foreign Trade in Butter in Connection with the Revision of Trade Treaties]. Petrograd, Tipografiya rossiiskikh periodicheskikh izdanii Ministerstva finansov. 40 p.
Lamin, V. A. (2011). Retsidiv pervozdannykh putei soobshcheniya [The Resumption of Primeval Communication Routes]. In Traektorii proektov v vysokikh shirotakh. Novosibirsk, Nauka, pp. 107–120.
Levitov, I. S. (1887). Sibiryakovskii trakt na Sever [Sibiryakov’s Route to the North]. Yekaterinburg, Tipografiya “Yekaterinburgskoi nedeli”. 36 p.
Loskutov, S. A. (2003). Vorota v Sibir’ [The Gateway to Siberia]. In Evraziiskii zhurnal regional’nykh i politicheskikh issledovanii. Vol. 10. No. 2 (3), pp. 173–182.
Makarov, S. O. (1898). Otchet vitse-admirala Makarova ob osmotre im letom 1897 goda, po porucheniyu ministra finansov S. Yu. Vitte, morskogo puti na reki Ob’ i Enisei [The Report of Vice-Admiral Makarov on the Examination of the Sea Route to the Ob and Yenisei at the Request of Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte in the Summer of 1897]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya V. Kirshbauma. 81 p.
Murashkintsev, A. A. (1898). Severnyi torgovyi put’ i khodataistva sibirskikh gorodov [The Northern Trade Route and Petitions of Siberian Towns]. St Petersburg, Redaktsiya “Torgovo-promyshlennoi gazety”. 20 p.
Murashkintsev, A. A. (1902). O proizvodstve i sbyte eksportnogo masla v Zapadnoi Sibiri [On Butter Production and Markets in Western Siberia]. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya i perepletnaya Yu. A. Mansfel’d. 59 p.
Nosova, E. A. (2007). Golod 1891–1892 gg. v Rossii i zernovoi rynok Zapadnoi Sibiri [The Russian Famine of 1891–1892 and the Grain Market of Western Siberia]. In Izvestiya Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. No. 4. Vol. 1, pp. 48–53.
Pinkhenson, D. M. (1962). Problema Severnogo morskogo puti v epokhu kapitalizma [The Problem of the Northern Sea Route in the Era of Capitalism]. Moscow, Morskoi transport. 766 p.
Podshivalov, P. D. (1915). Po severnomu puti – cherez Karskoe more, iz Sibiri v Evropu i obratno [On the Way to the North – through the Kara Sea from Siberia to Europe and Back]. Omsk, Tipografiya M. N. Chirkina. 37 p.
Preobrazhenskii, A. A. (1962). Burzhuaziya Eniseiskoi gubernii o torgovle po severnomu morskomu puti v kontse XIX – nachale XX veka [The Bourgeoisie of Yenisei Province on Trade along the Northern Sea Route in the Late 19th − Early 20th Centuries]. In Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1961 god. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 439–452.
Reki Sibiri i Rossii i Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga [Rivers of Siberia and Russia and the Siberian Railway]. (1884). Kazan, Tipografiya V. M. Klyuchnikova. 42 p.
Remnev, A. V., (2004). Koloniya ili okraina? Sibir’ v imperskom diskurse XIX veka [A Colony or Periphery? Siberia in Imperial Discourse of the 19th Century]. In Rossiiskaya imperiya: strategii stabilizatsii i opyty obnovleniya. Voronezh, Voronezhskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, pp. 112–146.
Sabler, S. V., Sosnovskii, I. V. (1903). Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga v ee proshlom i nastoyashchem [The Siberian Railway in the Past and Present]. St Petersburg, Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya. 472 p.
Shenk, F. B. (2016). Poezd v sovremennost’. Mobil’nost’ i sotsial’noe prostranstvo Rossii v vek zheleznykh dorog [A Train to Modernity. Mobility and Social Space of Russia in the Age of Railways]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 584 p.
Shilovskii, M. V. (1982). Otnoshenie sibirskikh oblastnikov k razvitiyu transportnykh kommunikatsii mezhdu Sibir’yu i Evropeiskoi Rossiei v kontse XIX – nachale XX v. [Siberian Regionalist Views on the Development of Transportation Facilities between European Russia and Siberia in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries]. In Rossiya i sotsial’noekonomicheskoe razvitie Sibiri. Tyumen, Tyumenskii universitet. Iss. 1, pp. 45–46.
Shilovskii, M. V. (2008). Transportnye proekty Aziatskoi Rossii do 1917 g. [Transportation Projects of Asian Russia before 1917]. In Vestnik Nizhnevartovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. No. 3, pp. 8–13.
Shperk, F. F. (1895). Reki kak puti soobshcheniya: Parokhodstvo na rekakh Sibiri [Rivers as Means of Communication. Siberian Steam Navigation]. St Petersburg, Parovaya skoropechatnya A. Porokhovshchikova. 26 p.
Sibiryakov, A. M. (1894). K voprosu o vneshnikh rynkakh Sibiri [On the Issue of Siberia’s Export Markets]. Tobolsk, Gubernskaya tipografiya. 26 p.
Startsev, A. V. (2002). Russkaya torgovlya v Mongolii (vtoraya polovina XIX – nachalo XX v.) [Russian Trade in Mongolia (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)]. Barnaul, Izdatel’stvo Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 308 p.
Sukhodolov, A. P. (2008). Vneshneekonomicheskaya i vneshnetorgovaya deyatel’nost’ Sibiri v dorevolyutsionnyi period [Foreign Economic and Trade Activity of Siberia before the Revolution]. In Istoriko-ekonomicheskie issledovaniya. Vol. 9. No. 1, pp. 107–127.
Tashlykov, S. L. (2014). Deyatel’nost’ gidrograficheskoi sluzhby rossiiskogo imperatorskogo flota po osvoeniyu Arktiki [The Hydrographic Service of the Russian Imperial Navy and the Exploration of the Arctic]. In Vestnik Murmanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Vol. 17. No. 3, pp. 588–597.
Tulupov, D. S. (2014). Arkticheskaya politika Rossii, Norvegii i Danii v kontse XX – nachale XXI veka [Russian, Norwegian, and Danish Arctic Policy in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries]. St Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 163 p.
Turbin, V. (1891). Morskoi polyarnyi put’ v Sibir’ i ego znachenie dlya ekonomicheskogo i kul’turnogo razvitiya kraya [The Northern Polar Sea Route towards Siberia and its Importance for the Economic and Cultural Development of the Region]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya “Severnogo telegrafnogo agentstva”. 38 p.
Viggins, D. (1895). Morskoi put’ v Sibir’ Karskim morem 1874–1894 [The Sea Route to Siberia by the Kara Sea. 1874–1894]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya M. M. Stasyulevicha. 18 p.
Vikhman, A. M. (1919). Izyskaniya porta v ust’e reki Eniseya 1916 goda [The Establishment of a Port in the Mouth of the Yenisei]. Krasnoyarsk, Eniseiskaya gubernskaya tipografiya. 199 p.
Voloshinov, N. A. (1890). Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga [The Siberian Railway]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina. 31 p.
Vostrotin, S. (1905). Severnyi morskoi torgovyi put’ [The Northern Sea Trade Route]. In Sibirskie voprosy. No. 1, pp. 338–361.
Vostrotin, S. V. (1906). Nashi vodnye puti v Sibiri. Severnyi morskoi torgovyi put’. Ob’-Eniseiskii kanal i vnutrennii vodnyi tranzitnyi put’ [Our Waterways in Siberia. The Northern Sea Trade Route. The Ob-Yenisei Canal and Inland Transportation Waterways]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Al’tshulera. 74 p.
Zhitkov, S. M. (1908). Proekty soedineniya vodnykh putei Rossii [Projects of Connecting Russian Waterways]. St Petersburg, Gubernskaya tipografiya. 89 p.
Armstrong, T. (1952). The Northern Sea Route: Soviet Exploitation of the North East Passage. L., Cambridge Univ. Press. 186 p.
Baikalov, A. V. (1913). Severnyi morskoi put’ k ust’yam r. r. Obi i Eniseya [The Northern Sea Route to the Mouths of the Ob and the Yenisei]. Krasnoyarsk, Vostochno-Sibirskoe obshchestvo sel’skogo khozyaistva, promyshlennosti i torgovli. 24 p.
Baron, N. (2008). New Spatial Histories of 20th-Century Russia and the Soviet Union: Exploring the Terrain. In Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. No. 9/2, pp. 433–447.
Baron, N. Vlast’ i prostranstvo. Avtonomnaya Kareliya v Sovetskom gosudarstve. 1920–1939 [Power and Space. Autonomous Karelia in the Soviet State. 1920–1939]. Moscow, Fond “Prezidentskii tsentr B. N. El’tsina”, ROSSPEN. 398 p.
Bassin, M., Ely, C., Stockdale, M. K. (Eds.). (2010). Space, Place, and Power in Modern Russia: Essays in the New Spatial History. DeKalb, Northern Illinois Univ. Press. 250 p.
Belyaeva, N. A. (2012). Porto-franko v ust’yakh sibirskikh rek v kontse XIX – nachale XX stoletiya [Free Trade Zones in the Mouths of the Siberian Rivers in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries]. In Gumanitarnye issledovaniya v Vostochnoi Sibiri i na Dal’nem Vostoke. No. 1 (17), pp. 5–9.
Bol’shakov, V. N. (1991). Ocherki istorii rechnogo transporta Sibiri. XIX vek [Essays on the History of River Transportation in Siberia. 19th Century]. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 145 p.
Borisov, A. A. (1910). Velikii Severovostochnyi morskoi put’. Velikii rechnoi put’ iz Sibiri v Evropu [The Northern Sea Route. The Great Waterway from Siberia to Europe]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina. 52 p.
Chubinskii, P. (1906). Nepreryvnyi vodnyi put’ ot S.-Peterburga do ozera Baikal [An Uninterrupted Waterway from St Petersburg to Lake Baikal]. In Russkoe sudokhodstvo. No. 5, pp. 39–73.
Dudnikov, E. E., Kosmin, V. V. (2014). Nerealizovannye transportnye proekty na Severe Rossii: nezamerzayushchii morskoi port Indiga, Sredne-Lenskii promyshlennyi kompleks, Lensko-Kamchatskaya zheleznodorozhnaya magistral’ [Unrealised Transportation Projects in the Russian North: The Non-Freezing Seaport Indiga, the Middle-Lensky Industrial Complex, the Lena-Kamchatka Mainline Railway]. Moscow, URSS LENAND. 105 p.
Eniseets. (1898). Severnyi morskoi put’ [The Northern Sea Route]. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya B. M. Vol’fa. 40 p.
Golokhvastov, A. D. (1891). Tranzitnye torgovye puti iz Sibiri v Evropu [Transit Trade Routes from Siberia to Europe]. St Petersburg, Kommercheskaya skoropechatnya Evgeniya Tilya. 25 p.
Goncharov, A. E. (2010). Sibirskie predprinimateli i Severnyi morskoi put’ [Siberian Entrepreneurs and the Northern Sea Route]. In Sibirskii subetnos: kul’tura, traditsii, mental’nost’. Materialy VI Vserossiiskoi nauchno-prakticheskoi internet-konferentsii. Krasnoyarsk, Rezonans, pp. 42–50.
Goncharov, A. E. (2012). K voprosu o nachale anglo-russkoi torgovli po Severnomu morskomu puti vo vtoroi polovine XIX v. [On the Beginning of English-Russian Trade via the Northern Sea Route in the Late 19th Century]. In Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. No. 2, pp. 344–350.
Goncharov, A. E. (2013). The Trans-Siberian Railway and the Northern Sea Route. In Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye nauki. Vol. 6. No. 1, pp. 31–42.
Goncharov, A. E. (2014). Severnyi morskoi put’ i Russko-yaponskaya voina 1904–1905 gg. [The Northern Sea Route and the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War]. In Sibir’ v voinakh nachala XX veka. Materialy Sibirskogo istoricheskogo foruma, Krasnoyarsk, 3–6 dekabrya 2013 g., Krasnoyarsk, Rezonans, pp. 86–91.
Gulishambarov, S. I. (1893). Torgovlya, promyshlennost’ i puti soobshcheniya v Sibiri [Trade, Industry, and Communications in Siberia]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya V. Kirshbauma. 78 p.
Korandei, F. S. (2017). Sibirskii shkaf s angliiskimi travelogami: istoriya tyumenskikh britantsev epokhi otkrytiya Severnogo morskogo puti i narrativy transimperskoi globalizatsii, 1859–1925 [A Siberian Bookcase with English Travelogues: A History of Tyumen Brits in the Age of the Discovery of the Northern Sea Route and Narratives of Trans-Imperial Globalisation, 1859–1925]. In Ab Imperio. No. 3. pp. 27–76.
Krypton, C. (1953). The Northern Sea Route, Its Place in Russian Economic History before 1917. N. Y., Methuen. 194 p.
Kulibina, N. V. (1915). Vneshnyaya torgovlya Rossii maslom, v svyazi s peresmotrom torgovykh dogovorov [Russian Foreign Trade in Butter in Connection with the Revision of Trade Treaties]. Petrograd, Tipografiya rossiiskikh periodicheskikh izdanii Ministerstva finansov. 40 p.
Lamin, V. A. (2011). Retsidiv pervozdannykh putei soobshcheniya [The Resumption of Primeval Communication Routes]. In Traektorii proektov v vysokikh shirotakh. Novosibirsk, Nauka, pp. 107–120.
Levitov, I. S. (1887). Sibiryakovskii trakt na Sever [Sibiryakov’s Route to the North]. Yekaterinburg, Tipografiya “Yekaterinburgskoi nedeli”. 36 p.
Loskutov, S. A. (2003). Vorota v Sibir’ [The Gateway to Siberia]. In Evraziiskii zhurnal regional’nykh i politicheskikh issledovanii. Vol. 10. No. 2 (3), pp. 173–182.
Makarov, S. O. (1898). Otchet vitse-admirala Makarova ob osmotre im letom 1897 goda, po porucheniyu ministra finansov S. Yu. Vitte, morskogo puti na reki Ob’ i Enisei [The Report of Vice-Admiral Makarov on the Examination of the Sea Route to the Ob and Yenisei at the Request of Minister of Finance S. Yu. Witte in the Summer of 1897]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya V. Kirshbauma. 81 p.
Murashkintsev, A. A. (1898). Severnyi torgovyi put’ i khodataistva sibirskikh gorodov [The Northern Trade Route and Petitions of Siberian Towns]. St Petersburg, Redaktsiya “Torgovo-promyshlennoi gazety”. 20 p.
Murashkintsev, A. A. (1902). O proizvodstve i sbyte eksportnogo masla v Zapadnoi Sibiri [On Butter Production and Markets in Western Siberia]. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya i perepletnaya Yu. A. Mansfel’d. 59 p.
Nosova, E. A. (2007). Golod 1891–1892 gg. v Rossii i zernovoi rynok Zapadnoi Sibiri [The Russian Famine of 1891–1892 and the Grain Market of Western Siberia]. In Izvestiya Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. No. 4. Vol. 1, pp. 48–53.
Pinkhenson, D. M. (1962). Problema Severnogo morskogo puti v epokhu kapitalizma [The Problem of the Northern Sea Route in the Era of Capitalism]. Moscow, Morskoi transport. 766 p.
Podshivalov, P. D. (1915). Po severnomu puti – cherez Karskoe more, iz Sibiri v Evropu i obratno [On the Way to the North – through the Kara Sea from Siberia to Europe and Back]. Omsk, Tipografiya M. N. Chirkina. 37 p.
Preobrazhenskii, A. A. (1962). Burzhuaziya Eniseiskoi gubernii o torgovle po severnomu morskomu puti v kontse XIX – nachale XX veka [The Bourgeoisie of Yenisei Province on Trade along the Northern Sea Route in the Late 19th − Early 20th Centuries]. In Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik za 1961 god. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR, pp. 439–452.
Reki Sibiri i Rossii i Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga [Rivers of Siberia and Russia and the Siberian Railway]. (1884). Kazan, Tipografiya V. M. Klyuchnikova. 42 p.
Remnev, A. V., (2004). Koloniya ili okraina? Sibir’ v imperskom diskurse XIX veka [A Colony or Periphery? Siberia in Imperial Discourse of the 19th Century]. In Rossiiskaya imperiya: strategii stabilizatsii i opyty obnovleniya. Voronezh, Voronezhskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, pp. 112–146.
Sabler, S. V., Sosnovskii, I. V. (1903). Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga v ee proshlom i nastoyashchem [The Siberian Railway in the Past and Present]. St Petersburg, Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya. 472 p.
Shenk, F. B. (2016). Poezd v sovremennost’. Mobil’nost’ i sotsial’noe prostranstvo Rossii v vek zheleznykh dorog [A Train to Modernity. Mobility and Social Space of Russia in the Age of Railways]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 584 p.
Shilovskii, M. V. (1982). Otnoshenie sibirskikh oblastnikov k razvitiyu transportnykh kommunikatsii mezhdu Sibir’yu i Evropeiskoi Rossiei v kontse XIX – nachale XX v. [Siberian Regionalist Views on the Development of Transportation Facilities between European Russia and Siberia in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries]. In Rossiya i sotsial’noekonomicheskoe razvitie Sibiri. Tyumen, Tyumenskii universitet. Iss. 1, pp. 45–46.
Shilovskii, M. V. (2008). Transportnye proekty Aziatskoi Rossii do 1917 g. [Transportation Projects of Asian Russia before 1917]. In Vestnik Nizhnevartovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. No. 3, pp. 8–13.
Shperk, F. F. (1895). Reki kak puti soobshcheniya: Parokhodstvo na rekakh Sibiri [Rivers as Means of Communication. Siberian Steam Navigation]. St Petersburg, Parovaya skoropechatnya A. Porokhovshchikova. 26 p.
Sibiryakov, A. M. (1894). K voprosu o vneshnikh rynkakh Sibiri [On the Issue of Siberia’s Export Markets]. Tobolsk, Gubernskaya tipografiya. 26 p.
Startsev, A. V. (2002). Russkaya torgovlya v Mongolii (vtoraya polovina XIX – nachalo XX v.) [Russian Trade in Mongolia (Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)]. Barnaul, Izdatel’stvo Altaiskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 308 p.
Sukhodolov, A. P. (2008). Vneshneekonomicheskaya i vneshnetorgovaya deyatel’nost’ Sibiri v dorevolyutsionnyi period [Foreign Economic and Trade Activity of Siberia before the Revolution]. In Istoriko-ekonomicheskie issledovaniya. Vol. 9. No. 1, pp. 107–127.
Tashlykov, S. L. (2014). Deyatel’nost’ gidrograficheskoi sluzhby rossiiskogo imperatorskogo flota po osvoeniyu Arktiki [The Hydrographic Service of the Russian Imperial Navy and the Exploration of the Arctic]. In Vestnik Murmanskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Vol. 17. No. 3, pp. 588–597.
Tulupov, D. S. (2014). Arkticheskaya politika Rossii, Norvegii i Danii v kontse XX – nachale XXI veka [Russian, Norwegian, and Danish Arctic Policy in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries]. St Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 163 p.
Turbin, V. (1891). Morskoi polyarnyi put’ v Sibir’ i ego znachenie dlya ekonomicheskogo i kul’turnogo razvitiya kraya [The Northern Polar Sea Route towards Siberia and its Importance for the Economic and Cultural Development of the Region]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya “Severnogo telegrafnogo agentstva”. 38 p.
Viggins, D. (1895). Morskoi put’ v Sibir’ Karskim morem 1874–1894 [The Sea Route to Siberia by the Kara Sea. 1874–1894]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya M. M. Stasyulevicha. 18 p.
Vikhman, A. M. (1919). Izyskaniya porta v ust’e reki Eniseya 1916 goda [The Establishment of a Port in the Mouth of the Yenisei]. Krasnoyarsk, Eniseiskaya gubernskaya tipografiya. 199 p.
Voloshinov, N. A. (1890). Sibirskaya zheleznaya doroga [The Siberian Railway]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya A. S. Suvorina. 31 p.
Vostrotin, S. (1905). Severnyi morskoi torgovyi put’ [The Northern Sea Trade Route]. In Sibirskie voprosy. No. 1, pp. 338–361.
Vostrotin, S. V. (1906). Nashi vodnye puti v Sibiri. Severnyi morskoi torgovyi put’. Ob’-Eniseiskii kanal i vnutrennii vodnyi tranzitnyi put’ [Our Waterways in Siberia. The Northern Sea Trade Route. The Ob-Yenisei Canal and Inland Transportation Waterways]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Al’tshulera. 74 p.
Zhitkov, S. M. (1908). Proekty soedineniya vodnykh putei Rossii [Projects of Connecting Russian Waterways]. St Petersburg, Gubernskaya tipografiya. 89 p.
Загрузки
Опубликован
2018-10-11
Как цитировать
Agapov, M. (2018). В поисках «выхода из тупика»: транссибирские транспортные проекты конца XIX – начала XX в. Quaestio Rossica, 6(3), 771–783. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2018.3.327
Выпуск
Раздел
Problema voluminis
