Молодежь и революция: социальный облик партийной молодежи Екатеринбургской губернии (1922–1924)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.4.264Аннотация
Рассматриваются проблемы реализации партийной молодежью начала 1920-х гг. функции «социального бульдозера». Особенностью данного периода были активные социальные преобразования в разных сферах общества. Молодежи в этом процессе отводилась особая роль «ударной силы». Мобилизация молодежи через ее идеологическую обработку, политическое воспитание, военизацию, спортивно-культурные мероприятия входила в политику партии и правительства. Результатом комплексной молодежной политики стало формирование новой системы ценностей, главной установкой которой было служение государству и идеалам коммунизма. Привлечение молодежи в Коммунистическую партию обеспечивало необходимый уровень влияния и контроля. На основе изучения первичных материалов Всероссийской переписи членов РКП(б) характеризуются социальный облик партийной молодежи, ее карьерные стратегии. Молодежь в изучаемый период составляла большинство членов партии, определяя общий социальный портрет коммунистов. Для молодых членов партии был характерен невысокий образовательный уровень. Карьерные стратегии молодежи были ориентированы на выполнение руководящих функций в низовых (волостных) и уездных органах власти, где молодые люди становились кадровым резервом для руководящих должностей более высокого уровня.
Библиографические ссылки
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Lisovskii, V. T. (Ed.). (1996). Sotsiologiya molodezhi [Youth Sociology]. St Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo SPbGU. 460 p.
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Mazur, L., Gorbachev, O. (2016). Primary Sources on the History of the Soviet Family in the Twentieth Century: an Analytical Review. In History of the Family. Vol. 21. No. 1, pp. 101–120.
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Mead, M. (1988). Kul’tura i mir detstva. Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Culture and the World of Childhood. Selected Works] / transl. by Yu. A. Aseev. Moscow, Nauka. 429 p.
Naumov, O. V., Shepelev, V. N. (1986). Materialy Vserossiiskoi perepisi chlenov RKP(b) 1922 g. [Materials of the All-Russian Census of Members of RCP(B) of 1922]. In Voprosy istorii KPSS. No. 4, pp. 48‒62.
Naumova, N. F. (1995). Zhiznennaya strategiya cheloveka v perekhodnom obshchestve [The Life Strategy of a Person in a Transitional Society]. In Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal. No. 2, pp. 5–22.
Newfield, J. (1996). A Prophetic Minority. N. Y., N. Am. Library. 212 p.
Reich, C. (1970). The Greening of America. N. Y., Random House. 399 p.
Reznik, Yu. M. (1995). Sotsial’noe izmerenie zhiznennogo mira (vvedenie v sotsiologiyu zhizni) [Social Measurement of the Living World (Introduction to Life Sociology)]. Moscow, Soyuz. 100 p.
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Rozhkov, A. Yu. (2014). V krugu sverstnikov: Zhiznennyi mir molodogo cheloveka v sovetskoi Rossii 1920-kh godov [In the Circle of Peers: The Life World of a Young Person in Soviet Russia in the 1920s]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 640 p.
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Zhuravlev, V. V. (2000). RSDRP(b) – RKP(b) na etape prevrashcheniya v pravyashchuyu partiyu (oktyabr’ 1917–1920 gg.) [RSDRP (B) – RCP(B) at the Stage of Transformation into the Party in Office (October, 1917–1920)]. In Zevelev, A. I., Sviridenko, Yu. P., Shelokhaev, V. V. (Eds). Politicheskie partii Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’. Moscow, ROSSPEN, pp. 387–404. URL: http://grachev62.narod.ru/mnpt/chapt19.htm (mode of access: 28.04.2017).
Dumova, N. G., Erofeev, N. D., Tyutyukin, S. V. (1994). Istoriya politicheskikh partii Rossii [The History of Political Parties of Russia] / ed. by A. I. Zevelev. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola. 447 p.
Gramatchikova, N., Enina, L. (2015). Kniga o lyubvi i vernosti: rekonstruk-tsiya obraza ottsa-kommunista v vospominaniyakh docheri [A Book about Love and Fidelity: Reconstruction of the Image of the Father-communist in the Memoirs of a Daughter]. In Quaestio Rossica. No. 4, pp. 109–129.
Guslyarov, E. N. (2002). Stalin v zhizni. Sistematizirovannyi svod vospomi-nanii sovremennikov, dokumentov epohi, versii istorikov [Stalin in His Life. A Systematised Collection of Memoirs of Contemporaries, Documents of the Epoch, and Versions of Historians]. Moscow, OLMA-Press, Zvezdnyi mir. 749 p.
Isaev, V. I. (2000). Molodezh’ Sibiri v usloviyakh formirovaniya stalinskoi modeli sotsializma (1920–1930-e gg.) [Young People of Siberia in the Conditions of the Formation of the Stalinist Model of Socialism (1920–1930)]. Novosibirsk, Izdatel’stvo Novosibirskogo universiteta. 48 p.
Isaev, V. I. (2002). Voenizatsiya molodezhi i molodezhnyi ekstremizm v Sibiri (1920-e ‒ nachalo 1930-kh gg.) [The Militarisation of Youth and Youth Extremism in Siberia (1920s ‒ Early 1930s)]. In Vestnik NGU. Seriya: Istoriya, filologiya. Vol. 1. No. 3. Istoriya, pp. 63–70.
Kon, I. S. (1988). Sotsiologiya molodezhi [Youth Sociology]. In Gvishiani, D. M., Lapina, N. I. (Eds.). Kratkii slovar’ po sotsiologii / comp. by E. M. Korzheva, N. F. Naumova. Moscow, Politizdat, pp. 353–354.
KPSS v rezolyutsiyakh i resheniyakh s”ezdov, konferentsii i plenumov TsK v 15 t. [The KPSU in Resolutions and Decisions of Congresses, Conferences, and Plenary Meetings of the Central Committee. 15 vols.]. (1983). Vol. 2. Moscow, Politizdat. 606 p.
Kuznetsov, I. V. (1998). Kommunisty Tsentral’nogo promyshlennogo raiona v dvadtsatye gody, sotsial’nyi portret po materialam Vsesoyuznoi partiinoi perepisi 1927 goda [Communists of the Central Industrial District in the Twenties, a Social Portrait with Reference to the All-Union Party Census of 1927]. In Borodkin, L. I., Sidortsov, V. N., Yushin, I. F. (Eds.). Krug idei: makro- i mikropodkhody v istoricheskoi informatike. Trudy V konferentsii Assotsiatsii “Istoriya i komp’yuter”. Minsk, BGU, pp. 109–130.
Latsis, O. (1989). Perelom. Stalin protiv Lenina [Change. Stalin against Lenin]. In Senokosov, Yu. P. (Ed.). Surovaya drama naroda. Moscow, Politizdat, pp. 142–164.
Lel’chuk, V. S., Tyutyukin, S. V. (2000). Bol’sheviki [Bolsheviks]. In Zevelev, A. I., Sviridenko, Yu. P., Shelokhaev, V. V. (Eds.). Politicheskie partii Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’. Moscow, ROSSPEN, pp. 243‒259. URL: http://grachev62.narod.ru/mnpt/chapt12.htm (mode of access: 28.04.2017).
Lenin, V. I. (1970). Gosudarstvo rabochikh i partiinaya nedelya [The Workers’ State and Party Week]. In Lenin, V. I. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 55 t. Ed. 5. Moscow, Politizdat. Vol. 39, pp. 224–226.
Lenin, V. I. (1981). O zadachakh soyuzov molodezhi. Rech’ na III Vserossiiskom s”ezde Rossiiskogo Kommunisticheskogo Soyuza Molodezhi 2 oktyabrya 1920 goda [On the Tasks of the Unions of Youth. A Speech Delivered at the 3rd All-Russian Congress of the Russian Union of Communist Youth on 2 October 1920]. In Lenin, V. I. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii. Ed. 5. Moscow, Politizdat. Vol. 41, pp. 298–318.
Lenin, V. I. (1985). KPSS ob organizatsionno-partiinoi rabote v 4 t. [KPSU about Organisational and Party Work. 4 Vols.]. Moscow, Politizdat. Vol. 1. Chlenstvo v KPSS. 400 p.
Lisovskii, V. T. (Ed.). (1996). Sotsiologiya molodezhi [Youth Sociology]. St Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo SPbGU. 460 p.
Lukov, V. A. (N. d.). Vozrastnye granitsy molodezhi [Age Boundaries of People]. In Lukov, V. A. (Ed.). Sotsiologiya molodezhi. Elektronnaya entsiklopediya. URL: http://www.soc-mol.ru/encyclopaedia/youth/281-vozrastnye-granicy.html (mode of access: 12.10.2017).
Mangeim, K. (1995). Diagnoz nashego vremeni [Diagnosis of our Time]. Moscow, Yurist. 693 p. URL: http://www.krotov.info/libr_min/13_m/an/heim3.html (mode of access: 12.10.2017).
Mazur, L., Gorbachev, O. (2016). Primary Sources on the History of the Soviet Family in the Twentieth Century: an Analytical Review. In History of the Family. Vol. 21. No. 1, pp. 101–120.
Mead, M. (1970). Culture and Commitment. A Study of the Generation Gap. N. Y., Basic Books. 128 p.
Mead, M. (1988). Kul’tura i mir detstva. Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Culture and the World of Childhood. Selected Works] / transl. by Yu. A. Aseev. Moscow, Nauka. 429 p.
Naumov, O. V., Shepelev, V. N. (1986). Materialy Vserossiiskoi perepisi chlenov RKP(b) 1922 g. [Materials of the All-Russian Census of Members of RCP(B) of 1922]. In Voprosy istorii KPSS. No. 4, pp. 48‒62.
Naumova, N. F. (1995). Zhiznennaya strategiya cheloveka v perekhodnom obshchestve [The Life Strategy of a Person in a Transitional Society]. In Sotsiologicheskii zhurnal. No. 2, pp. 5–22.
Newfield, J. (1996). A Prophetic Minority. N. Y., N. Am. Library. 212 p.
Reich, C. (1970). The Greening of America. N. Y., Random House. 399 p.
Reznik, Yu. M. (1995). Sotsial’noe izmerenie zhiznennogo mira (vvedenie v sotsiologiyu zhizni) [Social Measurement of the Living World (Introduction to Life Sociology)]. Moscow, Soyuz. 100 p.
RGASPI ‒ Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial’no-politicheskoi istorii [Russian State Archive of Socio-political History]. Stock 17. List 85. Dos. 169.
Rozhkov, A. Yu. (2014). V krugu sverstnikov: Zhiznennyi mir molodogo cheloveka v sovetskoi Rossii 1920-kh godov [In the Circle of Peers: The Life World of a Young Person in Soviet Russia in the 1920s]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 640 p.
Sever’yanova, G. M. (1995). Krest’yanskie vosstaniya v Sibiri (osen’ 1920–1924 gg.). [Country Revolts in Siberia (Autumn 1920–1924)]. Krasnoyarsk, S. n. 90 p.
Teplyakova, T. P. (1983). Rol’ partiinykh perepisei 1922 i 1927 gg. v ukreple-nii ryadov partii [The Role of Party Censuses of 1922 and 1927 in Strengthening the Ranks of the Party]. Dis. … kand. ist. nauk. Moscow, S. n. 274 p.
TsDOOSO ‒ Tsentr dokumentatsii obshchestvennykh organizatsii Sverdlovskoi oblasti [Centre for the Documentation of Public Organisations of Sverdlovsk Region]. Stock 76.
Tyazhel’nikova, V. S. (1990). Sostav partiinyh organizatsii v konce 20-kh godov (Opyt kolichestvennogo analiza po materialam Vsesoyuznoi partiinoj perepisi 1927 g.) [The Structure of Party Organisations in the Late Twenties (An Attempt at Quantitative Analysis with Reference to the All-Union Party Census of 1927)]. In Voprosy istorii KPSS. No. 1, pp. 70–81.
Vorob’ev, S. V. (2004). Sotsial’nyi portret kommunistov Urala nachala 1920-h gg.: istochnikovedcheskoe issledovanie materialov Vserossiiskoi partiinoi perepisi chlenov RKP(b) 1922 g. [Social Portrait of Communists of the Urals of the Early 1920s: Source Study Research of the Materials of the All-Russian Party Census of Members of RCP(B) of 1922]. Avtoref. dis. … kand. ist. nauk. Yekaterinburg, S. n. 263 p.
Vorob’ev, S. V. (2005). Problema sotsial’nogo oblika kommunistov Urala v nachale 1920-h gg.: sravnitel’nyi analiz massovykh istochnikov [Issue of the Social Face of Communists of the Urals in the Early Twenties: A Comparative Analysis of Mass Sources]. In Chernoukhov, A. V. (Ed.). Dokument. Arkhiv. Istoriya. Sovremennost’. Vol. 5. Yekaterinburg, Izdatel’stvo Ural’skogo universiteta, pp. 314–323.
Vos’maya konferentsiya RKP(b). Dekabr’ 1919 g. Protokoly [Eighth Conference of the RCP(B). December, 1919. Protocols]. (1961). Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury. 316 p.
Vos’moi s”ezd RKP(b). Mart 1919 goda. Protokoly [Eighth Congress of the RKP(B). March, 1919. Protocols]. (1959). Moscow, Gospolitizdat. XVIII + 602 p.
Vserossiiskaya perepis’ chlenov RKP 1922 goda [All-Russian Census of Members of the RCP of 1922]. (1922‒1925). No. 1‒5. Moscow, Izdatel’skoe otdelenie TsK RKP.
Zhuravlev, V. V. (2000). RSDRP(b) – RKP(b) na etape prevrashcheniya v pravyashchuyu partiyu (oktyabr’ 1917–1920 gg.) [RSDRP (B) – RCP(B) at the Stage of Transformation into the Party in Office (October, 1917–1920)]. In Zevelev, A. I., Sviridenko, Yu. P., Shelokhaev, V. V. (Eds). Politicheskie partii Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’. Moscow, ROSSPEN, pp. 387–404. URL: http://grachev62.narod.ru/mnpt/chapt19.htm (mode of access: 28.04.2017).
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Опубликован
2017-12-23
Как цитировать
Mazur, L. (2017). Молодежь и революция: социальный облик партийной молодежи Екатеринбургской губернии (1922–1924). Quaestio Rossica, 5(4), 1009–1026. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.4.264
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