Борис Федорович Поршнев (1932–1935): между русистикой и франковедением, или О роли случайности в судьбе историка
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.3.254Аннотация
Рассмотрены жизнь и деятельность выдающегося советского историка Б. Ф. Поршнева в начале его академической карьеры. Обучаясь в аспирантуре Института истории РАНИОН (1926–1929), он готовился стать русистом и писал диссертацию по общественной мысли России; в Ростове-на-Дону (1930–1932) его деятельность носила универсальный характер: он вел занятия по всеобщей истории и работал там, где открывались возможности. Показано, что после возвращения в Москву (1932) историк сначала собирался стать этнографом, но затем поступил на работу в библиотеку им. В. И. Ленина, которой руководил его учитель В. И. Невский, и писал тексты на самые разнообразные темы, не имея определенных академических предпочтений. Представляется, что такая разнородность детерминировалась материальными причинами, поскольку в СССР действовала карточная система и была высокая инфляция, а также тем, что в стране окончательно не определились ни политические, ни академические порядки. Выбор академической карьеры зависел от социальных связей, ситуации и случая. Арест В. И. Невского в 1934 г., увольнение из библиотеки в 1935 г. и редактирование перевода «Мемуаров» кардинала де Реца (1932–1936) стали такой цепью случайностей, которые определи судьбу историка на последующие годы.
Библиографические ссылки
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ARAN SPbF – Arkhiv Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, Sankt-Peterburgskii fi [Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. St Petersburg Branch]. Stock 222. List 002. Dossier 290.
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Gordon, A. V. (2009). Velikaya Frantuzskaya revolutsia v sovetskoy istoriografii [The Great French Revolution in Soviet Historiography]. Moscow, Nauka. 384 p.
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Pecherin, V. S. (1932). Zamogilniye zapiski [Notes From Beyond the Grave] 190 p. Kalinin, Mir.
Porshnev, B. F. (1933). Predislovie [Preface]. In Perzev, P. P. (Ed.). Literaturniye vospominania, 1890–1902. Moscow, Leningrad, Academia, pp. V–XXXVI.
Porshnev, B. F. (1934). Vazhniy uchastok istoricheskoy nauki [An Important Part of History]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 6. Moscow, pp. 32–38.
Porshnev B. F. (1934). Zapadnoevropeiskaja istoria v “Isvestiah Academii Nauk” [West-European History in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences] (1933, Iss. 1–10, 1934. Iss. 1–3). In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 11, Moscow, pp. 42–46.
Porshnev, B. F. (1934). O novoy bibliotechno-bibliographycheskoy klassifikatsii [About the New Library Bibliographic Classification]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 12, Moscow, pp. 50–55.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). S. G. Losinskiy. Istoria papstva. T. 1. Moskva, 1934 [S. G. Losinsky. The History of Papacy. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1934]. In Problemi istorii dokapitalisticheskih obshestv, Iss. 1−2, Moscow, pp. 239–241.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). Noviy shag v isuchenii istorii Ameriki (Rets. na: Efimov A. V. K istorii kapitalisma v SSHA. Institut istorii Komacademii. Moscow, Sozgis, 1934) [A New Step in the Study of American History. Review of: Efimov A.V. On the History of US Capitalism]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 2. Moscow, pp. 60–63.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). Retsidiv abstraktnogo sotsiologizirovania [Relapse of Abstract Sociologising]. [V. V. Reihardt. Ocherk po ekonomike dokapitalisticheskih formatsiy. Moscow–Leningrad, 1933]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 3. Moscow, pp. 26–29.
Porshnev, B. F. (1964). Meslier [Meslier]. Moscow, Molodaja gvardia. 240 p.
Porshnev, B. F. (2007). O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii [On the Beginning of Human History. Problems of Palaeo-Psychology]. St Petersburg, Aleteya. 720 p.
Porshnev, B. F. (2010). Istoria material’noy kulturi za 1928–1933 [The History of Material Culture for 1928–1933]. In Vestnik Omskogo Universiteta. Iss. 4, pp. 182–189.
Porshneva, E. B. (2007). Real’nost’ voobrazhenija (zapiski ob ottse) [The Reality of Imagination (Notes about Father)]. In Porshnev B. F. O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii. St Petersburg, Aleteya, pp. 539–575.
Pushin, V. (1934). Naukoobrasniy trud [Scholarly Work]. [Djivilegov A. K. Dante Alighieri. Moscow, 1933]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 6. Moscow, pp. 81–85.
Pushin, V. (1935). Izyskanno-oposhlenniy Dante [The Exquisitely-trivialised Dante] [Dante Alighieri. Vita Nova. Per. s italianskogo i primechania A. Efrosa. Moscow, 1934]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 3. Moscow, pp. 87–90.
Pirkov, V. E. (2007). Rol D. D. Morduhay-Boltovskogo v stanjvkenii i rasvitii visshego matematicheskogo obrasovania na Donu [D. D. Mordukhay-Boltovsky’s Role in the Development of Higher Mathematical Education on the Don]. In Malih A. E. (Ed.). Problemi istoriko-nauchnih issledovaniy v matematike i matematicheskom obrasovanii. Perm, pp. 190–198.
RGALI – Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv literatury i iskusstva [Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts]. Stock 629. List 1. Dossier 188.
Samarin, A. U. (2014). Boris F. Porshnev: nauchnij consultant Vsesoyuznoy biblioteki imeni V. I. Lenina [Boris F. Porshnev, Academic Consultant of the All-Union Library Named after V. I. Lenin]. In Bibliotekovedenie, Iss. 2, pp. 77– 85.
Trudi Borisa F. Porshneva [Works of Boris F. Porshnev]. (2007). In Porshnev B. F. O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii. St Petersburg, Aleteya, pp. 496–520.
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Formosov, A. A. (2006). Russkaja archeologia v period totalitarisma. Historiographicheskie ocherki [Russian Archaeologists during the Totalitarianism Period. Historiographical Essays]. Moscow, Znak. 344 p.
Chernov, S. L. (Ed.). (2011). Ot sostavitelya [From the Compiler]. In Pecherin V. S. Apologia Pro Vita Mea. Zhizn i prikliucheniia russkogo katolika, rasskazannye im samim [Pecherin V. S. APOLOGIA PRO VITA MEA. The Life and Adventures of a Russian Catholic, Narrated by Himself]. St Petersburg, Nestor-Istoria, pp. 5–40.
ARAN SPbF – Arkhiv Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, Sankt-Peterburgskii fi [Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. St Petersburg Branch]. Stock 222. List 002. Dossier 290.
ARGB – Arkhiv Rossiiskoi gosudarstvennoi biblioteki [Archive of the Russian State Library]. List 40. Dossier 457; List 51. Dossier 98; List 52. Dossier 13.
Vite, O. T. (2005). Boris Fedorovich Porshnev i ego kritika chelovecheskoj istorii [Boris F. Porshnev and His Criticism of Human History]. In Frantsuzskiy ezhegodnik. Moscow, Kom-kniga, pp. 4–36.
Gladishev, A. V. (2007). Tri sovetskih istorika frantsuzskogo kommunisma XVIII v.: Volgin, Porshnev, Kucherenko [Three Soviet Historians of 18th-Century Communism: Volgin, Porshnev, Kucherenko]. In Frantsuzskiy ezhegodnik, Moscow, LKI, pp. 201–214.
Gordon, A. V. (2009). Velikaya Frantuzskaya revolutsia v sovetskoy istoriografii [The Great French Revolution in Soviet Historiography]. Moscow, Nauka. 384 p.
GARF – Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation]. Stock 2303. List 8. Dos.115.
Litvin A. L. (Ed.). (2009). Dnevnik istorika S.A. Piontkovskogo [Historian S. A. Piontkovskiy’s Diary]. Kazan, Isd-vo KGU. 516 p.
Is postanovlenia Sovnarkoma i ZK VKP (b) o prepodavanii grajdanskoy istorii v shkolsh SSSR ot 16 mai 1934 [From the Decision of CPC and the CC PCP on the Teaching of History in USSR Schools on May 16, 1934]. (1937). In Izuchenie istorii: Sbornik. P. 18. B.m.
Koval, L. M. (2006). V. I. Nevsky. Director glavnoy biblioteki strani [V. I. Nevsky. The Director of the Main Library of the Country]. Moscow, Pashkov dom. 247 p.
Kondratyeva, T. N. (2005). Boris F. Porshnev v Moskovskom otdelenii GAIMK [Boris F. Porshnev in the Moscow Branch of the State Academy of the History of Material Culture]. In Kondratyev, S. V. (Ed.). Europe. Mejdunarodniy almanak. Tyumen. Iss. 5, pp. 185–188.
Kondratyeva, T. N. (2016). Boris Fedorovich Porshnev: nachalo bolshogo puti [Boris F. Porshnev: The Beginning of Academic Carreer]. In Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria: Istoria, filologia. Vol. 15, Iss. 1. Istoria, pp. 156–171.
OR RGB [Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library]. Stock 369. List 307. Dossier D. 41.
Osokina, E. A. (1999). Za fasadom “stalinskogo isobilia”: raspredelenie i rinok v snabjenii naselenia v godi industrialisazii. 1927–1941 [Behind the Facade of Stalin’s Abundance: Distribution and Market in the Provision for People during the Industrialisation Years, 1927–1941]. Moscow, ROSSPEN. 271 p.
Pecherin, V. S. (1932). Zamogilniye zapiski [Notes From Beyond the Grave] 190 p. Kalinin, Mir.
Porshnev, B. F. (1933). Predislovie [Preface]. In Perzev, P. P. (Ed.). Literaturniye vospominania, 1890–1902. Moscow, Leningrad, Academia, pp. V–XXXVI.
Porshnev, B. F. (1934). Vazhniy uchastok istoricheskoy nauki [An Important Part of History]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 6. Moscow, pp. 32–38.
Porshnev B. F. (1934). Zapadnoevropeiskaja istoria v “Isvestiah Academii Nauk” [West-European History in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences] (1933, Iss. 1–10, 1934. Iss. 1–3). In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 11, Moscow, pp. 42–46.
Porshnev, B. F. (1934). O novoy bibliotechno-bibliographycheskoy klassifikatsii [About the New Library Bibliographic Classification]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 12, Moscow, pp. 50–55.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). S. G. Losinskiy. Istoria papstva. T. 1. Moskva, 1934 [S. G. Losinsky. The History of Papacy. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1934]. In Problemi istorii dokapitalisticheskih obshestv, Iss. 1−2, Moscow, pp. 239–241.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). Noviy shag v isuchenii istorii Ameriki (Rets. na: Efimov A. V. K istorii kapitalisma v SSHA. Institut istorii Komacademii. Moscow, Sozgis, 1934) [A New Step in the Study of American History. Review of: Efimov A.V. On the History of US Capitalism]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 2. Moscow, pp. 60–63.
Porshnev, B. F. (1935). Retsidiv abstraktnogo sotsiologizirovania [Relapse of Abstract Sociologising]. [V. V. Reihardt. Ocherk po ekonomike dokapitalisticheskih formatsiy. Moscow–Leningrad, 1933]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 3. Moscow, pp. 26–29.
Porshnev, B. F. (1964). Meslier [Meslier]. Moscow, Molodaja gvardia. 240 p.
Porshnev, B. F. (2007). O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii [On the Beginning of Human History. Problems of Palaeo-Psychology]. St Petersburg, Aleteya. 720 p.
Porshnev, B. F. (2010). Istoria material’noy kulturi za 1928–1933 [The History of Material Culture for 1928–1933]. In Vestnik Omskogo Universiteta. Iss. 4, pp. 182–189.
Porshneva, E. B. (2007). Real’nost’ voobrazhenija (zapiski ob ottse) [The Reality of Imagination (Notes about Father)]. In Porshnev B. F. O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii. St Petersburg, Aleteya, pp. 539–575.
Pushin, V. (1934). Naukoobrasniy trud [Scholarly Work]. [Djivilegov A. K. Dante Alighieri. Moscow, 1933]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 6. Moscow, pp. 81–85.
Pushin, V. (1935). Izyskanno-oposhlenniy Dante [The Exquisitely-trivialised Dante] [Dante Alighieri. Vita Nova. Per. s italianskogo i primechania A. Efrosa. Moscow, 1934]. In Kniga i proletaskaja revolutsia, Iss. 3. Moscow, pp. 87–90.
Pirkov, V. E. (2007). Rol D. D. Morduhay-Boltovskogo v stanjvkenii i rasvitii visshego matematicheskogo obrasovania na Donu [D. D. Mordukhay-Boltovsky’s Role in the Development of Higher Mathematical Education on the Don]. In Malih A. E. (Ed.). Problemi istoriko-nauchnih issledovaniy v matematike i matematicheskom obrasovanii. Perm, pp. 190–198.
RGALI – Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv literatury i iskusstva [Russian State Archive of Literature and Arts]. Stock 629. List 1. Dossier 188.
Samarin, A. U. (2014). Boris F. Porshnev: nauchnij consultant Vsesoyuznoy biblioteki imeni V. I. Lenina [Boris F. Porshnev, Academic Consultant of the All-Union Library Named after V. I. Lenin]. In Bibliotekovedenie, Iss. 2, pp. 77– 85.
Trudi Borisa F. Porshneva [Works of Boris F. Porshnev]. (2007). In Porshnev B. F. O nachale chelovecheskoj istorii. Problemy paleopsihologii. St Petersburg, Aleteya, pp. 496–520.
TSDNIRO – Tsentr Dokumentatsii Noveishei Istorii Rostovskoi Oblasti [Documentation Center of the Recent History of Rostov Region]. Stock 117. List 1. Dossier 41.
Formosov, A. A. (2006). Russkaja archeologia v period totalitarisma. Historiographicheskie ocherki [Russian Archaeologists during the Totalitarianism Period. Historiographical Essays]. Moscow, Znak. 344 p.
Chernov, S. L. (Ed.). (2011). Ot sostavitelya [From the Compiler]. In Pecherin V. S. Apologia Pro Vita Mea. Zhizn i prikliucheniia russkogo katolika, rasskazannye im samim [Pecherin V. S. APOLOGIA PRO VITA MEA. The Life and Adventures of a Russian Catholic, Narrated by Himself]. St Petersburg, Nestor-Istoria, pp. 5–40.
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Опубликован
2017-09-08
Как цитировать
Kondratyeva, T. (2017). Борис Федорович Поршнев (1932–1935): между русистикой и франковедением, или О роли случайности в судьбе историка. Quaestio Rossica, 5(3), 853–866. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.3.254
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Hereditas: nomina et scholae
