«Чигиринский заговор» и крестьянская психология
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.220Аннотация
Рассматриваются особенности психологии крестьян – участников «Чигиринского заговора» в Киевской губернии во второй половине 1870-х гг. Источниковую базу статьи составил комплекс документов различной типовидовой принадлежности, хранящихся в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации. Суть проблемы заключается в уникальной комбинации объективных и субъективных факторов, когда в крестьянском движении неразрывно переплелись острые национальные, внутри- и межсословные, конфессиональные и иные противоречия. Их совокупность придала неповторимый облик чигиринским событиям, позволяющим на конкретных примерах изучать механизмы работы традиционного сознания в условиях протестной активности. В статье выявлены психологические факторы, способствовавшие временному срастанию революционного народничества с крестьянским движением в виде образования конспиративной организации «Тайная дружина» с целью подготовки восстания и изменения существующего порядка землепользования. Выяснены причины провала самозванческой интриги революционеров-народников, выдававших себя за царских комиссаров и предъявивших чигиринским крестьянам подложные царские манифесты. Познавательная стратегия автора опирается на междисциплинарный подход; обращаясь к герменевтической парадигме в стремлении понять события прошлого, взглянув на них глазами самих участников и современников, он пытается усвоить логику их протестной активности и выявляет общие и особенные компоненты крестьянской психологии в пореформенный период, характерные для крестьян Малороссии в сравнении с крестьянами других губерний Российской империи.
Библиографические ссылки
Chigirin conspiracy; peasant psychology; Narodniks; tsar’s commissars; forged gramota.
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Andreev, I. L. (1995). Samozvanstvo i samozvancih na Rusi [Impostors and Imposture in Russia]. In Znanie – sila, 8, pp. 46–56.
Balagurov, Ya. A. (1969). Kizhskoe vosstanie 1769–1771 [Kizhi Uprising of 1769–1771]. 100 p. Petrozavodsk, Kareljskoe knizhnoe izdateljstvovo.
Berman, B. I. (1982). Chitatelj zhitiya [Readers of Hagiography]. In Khudozhestvennihyj yazihk Srednevekovjya. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 159–183.
Beskova, I. A. (1995). Problema sootnosheniya mentaljnosti i kuljturih [The Issue of the Correlation of Mentality and Culture]. In Kognitivnaya ehvolyuciya i tvorchestvo. Moscow, Institut filosofii RAN, pp. 123–163.
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Dokumentih po Chigirinskomu delu (1906) [Documents on the Chigirin Conspiracy]. In Bihloe, 12. pp. 257–261.
Zayjonchkovsky, P. A. (1968). Otmena krepostnogo prava v Rossii [The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia]. 368 p. Moscow, Prosvethenie.
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Litvak, B. G. (1989). Krestjyanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii 1775–1904 gg. Istoriya i metodika izucheniya istochnikov [The Peasant Movement in Russia between 1775 and 1904. The History and Methodology of Source Study]. 256 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Litvak, B. G. (1991). Perevorot 1861 goda v Rossii: pochemu ne realizovalasj reformatorskaya aljternativa [The 1861 Revolution in Russia: Why the Reform Alternative Was Not Realised]. 302 p. Moscow, Politizdat.
Micik, Yu. A. (2007). Chigirin – getjmansjka stolicya [Chigirin – the Hetman Capital]. 392 p. Kiev, Kievo-Mogilyansjka akademіya.
Nosov, N. E. (Ed.). (1967). Krestjyanstvo i klassovaya borjba v feodaljnoyj Rossii [The Peasantry and Class Struggle in Feudal Russia]. 456 p. Leningrad, Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelenie.
Novicky, V. D. (1991). Iz vospominaniyj zhandarma [From the Memoirs of a Gendarme]. 254 p. Moscow : Izdateljstvo Moskovskogo universitetata. Pamyatniki novoyj russkoyj istorii (1873). [The Monuments of New Russian History. 3 Vols.]. Vol. 3. 439 p. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Mayjkova.
Pelevin, Yu. A. (2014). Yuzhnihe buntari i “Chigirinskiyj zagovor” [Southern Rebels and the “Chigirin Conspiracy”]. In Rossiyjskaya istoriya, 1. pp. 130–150.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1995a). “Dobrihe cari” na Urale [“Good Tsars” in the Urals]. In Rodina, 2. pp. 73–74.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1986). Zauraljskiyj samozvanec [The Trans-Ural Impostor]. In Voprosih istorii, 11. pp. 182–185.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1995b). Slukhi v socialjnoyj istorii: tipologiya i funkcii (po materialam vostochnihkh regionov Rossii XVIII–XIX vv.) [Rumors in Social History: Typology and Functions (Based on Materials from the Eastern Regions of Russia of the 18th and 19th Centuries]. 58 p. Yekaterinburg, Bank kuljturnoyj informacii.
Poyjda, D. P. (1960). Krestjyanskoe dvizhenie na Pravoberezhnoyj Ukraine v poreformennihyj period (1866–1900 gg.) [The Peasant Movement in Right-bank Ukraine in the Post-reform Period (1866–1900)]. 488 p. Dnepropetrovsk, Dnepropetrovskoe oblastnoe izdateljstvo.
RGADA – Rossiyjskiyj gosudarstvennihyj arkhiv drevnikh aktov [Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts]. Stock 6. List 1. Dossier 405.
Rut, M. E. (2001). Imya i obraz: dinamicheskiyj aspekt [The Name and the Image: The Dynamic Aspect]. In Imya: vnutrennyaya struktura, semanticheskaya aura, kontekst : tezisih mezhdunarodnoyj nauchnoyj konferencii. Ch. 1. Moscow, Institut slavyanovedeniya RAN, pp. 15–19.
Sivkov, K. V. (1950). Samozvanchestvo v Rossii v posledneyj treti XVIII v. [Imposture in Russia in the Last Third of the 18th Century]. In Istoricheskie zapiski, 31. pp. 88–135.
Stepnyak, P. P. (1906). Podpoljnaya Rossiya [Underground Russia]. 240 p. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya A. Eh. Vineke.
Tolstoy, N. I. (Ed.). (1995). Slavyanskie drevnosti : ehtnolingvisticheskiyj slovarj : v 5 t. T. 2. [Slavic Antiquities : Ethnolinguistic Dictionary, 5 Vols.]. Vol. 5. 689 p. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnihe otnosheniya.
Tun, A. (1917). Istoriya revolyucionnago dvizheniya v Rossii [The History of the Revolutionary Movement in Russia]. 293 p. Petrograd, Tipografiya P. P. Soyjkina.
Usenko, O. G. (2005). Novihe dannihe o monarkhicheskom samozvanchestve v Rossii vtoroyj polovinih XVIII veka [New Information on Royal Imposture in Russia in the Second Half of the 18th Century]. In Mininskie chteniya : materialih nauchnoyj konferencii. Nizhniyj Novgorod, Izdateljstvo Nizhegorodskogo universiteta, pp. 74–97.
Usenko, O. G. (1995). Samozvanchestvo na Rusi: norma ili patologiya? [Imposture in Russia: A Norm or Pathology?]. In Rodina, 1. pp. 53–57; 2, pp. 69–72.
Uspensky, B. A. (1996). Izbrannihe trudih [Selected Works, 2 Vols.] : Vol. 1. 608 p. Semiotika istorii. Semiotika kuljturih. Moscow, Yazihki russkoyj kuljturih. Chigirinskoe delo : (Po officialjnihm istochnikam) (1877). [The Chigirin Case (according to Official Sources)]. In Kievlyanin, 97. Aug., 16.
Chistov, K. V. (2003). Russkaya narodnaya utopiya (genezis i funkcii socialjnoutopicheskikh legend) [Russian Folk Utopia (Genesis and Functions of Social-utopian Legends)]. 539 p. St Petersburg, Dmitriyj Bulanin.
Yudin, P. L. (1896). K istorii Pugachevthinih [The History of the Pugachev Rebellion]. In Russkiyj arkhiv, 6. pp. 5–46; 161–184.
Andreev, I. L. (1999). Anatomiya samozvanstva [The Anatomy of Imposture]. In Nauka i zhizn', 10, pp. 110–117.
Andreev, I. L. (1995). Samozvanstvo i samozvancih na Rusi [Impostors and Imposture in Russia]. In Znanie – sila, 8, pp. 46–56.
Balagurov, Ya. A. (1969). Kizhskoe vosstanie 1769–1771 [Kizhi Uprising of 1769–1771]. 100 p. Petrozavodsk, Kareljskoe knizhnoe izdateljstvovo.
Berman, B. I. (1982). Chitatelj zhitiya [Readers of Hagiography]. In Khudozhestvennihyj yazihk Srednevekovjya. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 159–183.
Beskova, I. A. (1995). Problema sootnosheniya mentaljnosti i kuljturih [The Issue of the Correlation of Mentality and Culture]. In Kognitivnaya ehvolyuciya i tvorchestvo. Moscow, Institut filosofii RAN, pp. 123–163.
GARF [State Archive of the Russian Federation]. Stock 112. List 1. Dopp. 473; 475; 476; 477.
GARF [State Archive of the Russian Federation]. Stock 109, (3-ya Ehkspediciya. 1877 g.). Dopp. 262. Ch. 1.
Grebenkin, K. (Ed.). (1934). Materiali do istorii selyansjkikh revolyuciyjnikh rukhiv na Chigirinthini (1875–1879 pp.) [Materials for the History of the Peasant Revolutionary Movement in the Chigirinschina (from 1875 to 1879)]. 440 p. Kharkiv : Vidannya Centraljnogo arkhivnogo upravlinnya Ukraїnsjkoї Socіalіstichnoї Radyansjkoї Respublіki.
Dokumentih po Chigirinskomu delu (1906) [Documents on the Chigirin Conspiracy]. In Bihloe, 12. pp. 257–261.
Zayjonchkovsky, P. A. (1968). Otmena krepostnogo prava v Rossii [The Abolition of Serfdom in Russia]. 368 p. Moscow, Prosvethenie.
Zayjonchkovsky, P.A. (Ed.). (1968). Krestjyanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii v 1870–1880 gg. [The Peasant Movement in Russia between 1870 and 1880]. 612 p. Moscow : Nauka. Ignatovich, I. I. (1911). Bezdna [The Abyss]. In Velikaya reforma. T. 5. Moscow, Izdanie Tovarithestva I. D. Sihtina, pp. 211–219.
Litvak, B. G. (1989). Krestjyanskoe dvizhenie v Rossii 1775–1904 gg. Istoriya i metodika izucheniya istochnikov [The Peasant Movement in Russia between 1775 and 1904. The History and Methodology of Source Study]. 256 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Litvak, B. G. (1991). Perevorot 1861 goda v Rossii: pochemu ne realizovalasj reformatorskaya aljternativa [The 1861 Revolution in Russia: Why the Reform Alternative Was Not Realised]. 302 p. Moscow, Politizdat.
Micik, Yu. A. (2007). Chigirin – getjmansjka stolicya [Chigirin – the Hetman Capital]. 392 p. Kiev, Kievo-Mogilyansjka akademіya.
Nosov, N. E. (Ed.). (1967). Krestjyanstvo i klassovaya borjba v feodaljnoyj Rossii [The Peasantry and Class Struggle in Feudal Russia]. 456 p. Leningrad, Nauka, Leningradskoe otdelenie.
Novicky, V. D. (1991). Iz vospominaniyj zhandarma [From the Memoirs of a Gendarme]. 254 p. Moscow : Izdateljstvo Moskovskogo universitetata. Pamyatniki novoyj russkoyj istorii (1873). [The Monuments of New Russian History. 3 Vols.]. Vol. 3. 439 p. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Mayjkova.
Pelevin, Yu. A. (2014). Yuzhnihe buntari i “Chigirinskiyj zagovor” [Southern Rebels and the “Chigirin Conspiracy”]. In Rossiyjskaya istoriya, 1. pp. 130–150.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1995a). “Dobrihe cari” na Urale [“Good Tsars” in the Urals]. In Rodina, 2. pp. 73–74.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1986). Zauraljskiyj samozvanec [The Trans-Ural Impostor]. In Voprosih istorii, 11. pp. 182–185.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (1995b). Slukhi v socialjnoyj istorii: tipologiya i funkcii (po materialam vostochnihkh regionov Rossii XVIII–XIX vv.) [Rumors in Social History: Typology and Functions (Based on Materials from the Eastern Regions of Russia of the 18th and 19th Centuries]. 58 p. Yekaterinburg, Bank kuljturnoyj informacii.
Poyjda, D. P. (1960). Krestjyanskoe dvizhenie na Pravoberezhnoyj Ukraine v poreformennihyj period (1866–1900 gg.) [The Peasant Movement in Right-bank Ukraine in the Post-reform Period (1866–1900)]. 488 p. Dnepropetrovsk, Dnepropetrovskoe oblastnoe izdateljstvo.
RGADA – Rossiyjskiyj gosudarstvennihyj arkhiv drevnikh aktov [Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts]. Stock 6. List 1. Dossier 405.
Rut, M. E. (2001). Imya i obraz: dinamicheskiyj aspekt [The Name and the Image: The Dynamic Aspect]. In Imya: vnutrennyaya struktura, semanticheskaya aura, kontekst : tezisih mezhdunarodnoyj nauchnoyj konferencii. Ch. 1. Moscow, Institut slavyanovedeniya RAN, pp. 15–19.
Sivkov, K. V. (1950). Samozvanchestvo v Rossii v posledneyj treti XVIII v. [Imposture in Russia in the Last Third of the 18th Century]. In Istoricheskie zapiski, 31. pp. 88–135.
Stepnyak, P. P. (1906). Podpoljnaya Rossiya [Underground Russia]. 240 p. St Petersburg, Tipolitografiya A. Eh. Vineke.
Tolstoy, N. I. (Ed.). (1995). Slavyanskie drevnosti : ehtnolingvisticheskiyj slovarj : v 5 t. T. 2. [Slavic Antiquities : Ethnolinguistic Dictionary, 5 Vols.]. Vol. 5. 689 p. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnihe otnosheniya.
Tun, A. (1917). Istoriya revolyucionnago dvizheniya v Rossii [The History of the Revolutionary Movement in Russia]. 293 p. Petrograd, Tipografiya P. P. Soyjkina.
Usenko, O. G. (2005). Novihe dannihe o monarkhicheskom samozvanchestve v Rossii vtoroyj polovinih XVIII veka [New Information on Royal Imposture in Russia in the Second Half of the 18th Century]. In Mininskie chteniya : materialih nauchnoyj konferencii. Nizhniyj Novgorod, Izdateljstvo Nizhegorodskogo universiteta, pp. 74–97.
Usenko, O. G. (1995). Samozvanchestvo na Rusi: norma ili patologiya? [Imposture in Russia: A Norm or Pathology?]. In Rodina, 1. pp. 53–57; 2, pp. 69–72.
Uspensky, B. A. (1996). Izbrannihe trudih [Selected Works, 2 Vols.] : Vol. 1. 608 p. Semiotika istorii. Semiotika kuljturih. Moscow, Yazihki russkoyj kuljturih. Chigirinskoe delo : (Po officialjnihm istochnikam) (1877). [The Chigirin Case (according to Official Sources)]. In Kievlyanin, 97. Aug., 16.
Chistov, K. V. (2003). Russkaya narodnaya utopiya (genezis i funkcii socialjnoutopicheskikh legend) [Russian Folk Utopia (Genesis and Functions of Social-utopian Legends)]. 539 p. St Petersburg, Dmitriyj Bulanin.
Yudin, P. L. (1896). K istorii Pugachevthinih [The History of the Pugachev Rebellion]. In Russkiyj arkhiv, 6. pp. 5–46; 161–184.
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Опубликован
2017-04-12
Как цитировать
Maul, V. (2017). «Чигиринский заговор» и крестьянская психология. Quaestio Rossica, 5(1), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.220
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