Раннее европейское влияние на Петра I: Патрик Гордон и Франц Лефорт в конце XVII в.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.219Аннотация
Рассматриваются проблемы распространения европейского влияния в среде русской элиты в конце XVII в. на примере европеизации ее главы – русского царя Петра I. Автор, характеризуя ранние этапы «иноземного» влияния на царя, приходит к выводу, что заметная внешне европеизация Петра началась позднее, чем это обычно представлялось, – лишь на грани его юности и молодости, после династического кризиса 1689 г. Анализ связанных с этим событий не подтверждает все еще распространенного в популярных изданиях стереотипного представления о раннем влиянии на молодого государя Франца Лефорта и Патрика Гордона, которые долгое время были фаворитами В. В. Голицына (одного из лидеров оппозиционной Петру I группировки), и в силу этого, а также в силу особенностей их карьеры и положения как представителей целиком зависимого от государства слоя иноземного офицерства отнюдь не стремились к сближению с молодым царем. Лишь благополучный для царя исход династического кризиса в сентябре 1689 г. стал поворотным пунктом в их отношениях с государем и привел к стремительному сближению с ним, а также к ставшему его следствием началу заметной именно с этого времени европеизации быта Петра, которая прослеживается автором по материалам, свидетельствующим об изменениях в его одежде и поведении.
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Bogoslovsky, M. M. (2005). Petr Velikiy. Materialy dlya biografii: v 6 t. [Peter the Great: Materials for a Biography: 6 Vols.]. 545 p. Moscow, Nauka, Vol. 1.
Boltunova, E. Yu. (2011). Gvardia Petra Velikogo kak voennaya corporatiya [Peter the Great’s Lifeguard as a Military Corporation]. 350 p. Moscow, RGGU.
Bulychev, A. A. (2009) O svetskoy kar’yere buduschego moskovskogo patriarkha Joakima Savelova [On the Secular Career of the To-be Patriarch of Moscow Joachim Savyolov]. In Drevnyaya Rus’. Voprosy medievistiky. Iss. 4, pp. 33–35.
Bushkovitch P. (2008). Petr Velikiy. Bor’ba za vlast’ (1671-1725) [Peter the Great: The Struggle for Power, 1671–1725]. 541 p. St Petersburg, Dmitriy Bulanin.
Gordon, P. (2003). Dnevnik, 1659–1667 [Diary. 1659-1667] 314 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Gordon, P. (2005). Dnevnik, 1677–1678 [Diary. 1677–1678]. 233 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Gordon, P. (2009). Dnevnik, 1684–1689 [Diary. 1684–1689]. 336 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Gordon, P. (2014). Dnevnik, 1690–1695 [Diary. 1690–1695]. 618 p. Moscow, Nauka.
DAY (1853). [Addenda to the Historical Acts, Collected and Published by the Archaeographic Commission: 12 Vols.]. Vol. 5. 538 p. St Petersburg.
Esypov, G. V. (1872). Sbornyk vypisok iz archivnykh bumag o Petre Velikom [A Collection of Excerpts of Archival Documents on Peter the Great: 2 Vols.]. Vol. 1, 421 p. Moscow, Universitetskaya tipografiya.
Kochegarov, K. A. (2008). Rzech’ Pospolitaia i Rossia v 1680–1686 godach : Zaklyuchenie dogovora o vech’nom mire [The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia between 1680 and 1686: An Eternal Peace Agreement]. 502 p. Moscow, Indrik.
Kurakin, B. I. (1890). Gistoria o zare Petre Akseevich’e i blyjnikh k nemu ludyaсh, 1682–1694 [A History of Tsar Peter Alekseevich and His Retinue, 1682–1694, 10 Vols.]. In Archiv F. A. Kurakina, St Petersburg, Tipografiya V. S. Balasheva, Vol. 1, pp. 39–100.
Lefort, F. (2006). Sbornik dokumentov i materyalov [A Collection of Documents and Materials]. 568 p. Moscow, Drevlechranilisch’e.
Malov, A. V. (2006). Moskovskie vy’borny’e polki soldatskogo stroya v nachalniy period svoiej istorii : 1656–1671 [Moscow Selected Regiments of Soldierly Formation at the Beginning of Its History: 1656–1671]. 622 p. Moscow, Drevlechranilisch’e.
Myschlaevsky, A. Z. (1898). Vyezd v Rossiyu Franza Leforta [Franz Lefort’s Trip to Russia]. In Russkaya starina. Iss. 3, pp. 635–643.
Opisanye vtorogo posol’stva v Daniyu datskogo poslannika Gansa Oldelanda v 1659 g. [A Description of the Second Mission of Danish Envoy Hans Oldeland in 1659]. In Utverjdenye dynastii (1997). Moscow, Fond Sergeya Dubova, pp. 231–406.
Petrukhintsev, N. N. (2013). K harakteristike formirovanij “novogo stroya“ nakanune voennykh reform Alekseya Mihailovovicha [On the Characteristics of the “New Order” Formation on the Eve of the Military Reforms of Aleksey Mikhailovich]. In Voina I oruzhie: novy’e issledovanya I materially : Trudy’ chetvertoj mezdunarodnoy nauchnopracticheskoy konferencii : sb. st. St Petersburg: VIMAViVS. Part 3, pp. 520–523.
Petrukhintsev, N. N. (2014a). Voennaya reforma Alekseya Mihailovicha i ee vlianye na voennye formirovania na territorii Lipezkogo kraya [The Military Reform of Aleksei Mikhailovich and Its Influence on the Formation of Lipetsk Krai]. In Vekhi minuvshego. Ucheny’e zapiski istoricheskogo fakul’teta Lipezkogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Lipetsk: Vekhi minuvshego, Proceeidings of the Faculty of History of Lipetsk State Univ., LGPU, pp. 101–133.
Petrukhintsev, N. N. (2014b). “Finansy voyny” i ofizerskiy korpus polkov “novogo stroya” russkoy armii (1663 g.) [‘War Finance’ and the Officer Corps of the ‘New Order’ Regiments in the Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovich’s War Reform (1663)]. In Quaestio Rossiса. Iss. 2, pp. 263–292.
Petrukhintsev, N. N. (2014c). Put’ k Tavride [The Way to Taurida]. In Rodina. Iss. 12, pp. 22–26.
Rogozhin, A. A. (2013)ю Denezhnoe zhalovanie nach’alny’h ludej polkov “novogo stroya” v 1660–1680-h gg. [Wages of the Junior in the Regiments of “New Order” between the 1660s and 1680s] In Voina I oruzhie: novy’e issledovanya I materially. Trudy’ chetvertoj mezdunarodnoy nauchno-practicheskoy konferencii: sb. st. [War and Weapon: New Research and Materials. Proceeding of the Fourth International Research and Practice Conference: A Collection of Articles]. St Petersburg, VIMAViVS. Part 4, pp. 66–79.
Rogozhin, A. A. (2015). Generaly polkov “novogo stroya” v 1650–1690-e gg. [Generals of the New Order Regiments between the 1650s and 1690s]. In Russkaya voennaya elita. Coll. of art. Moscow-Sebastopol’, Shiko-Sevastopol’, pp. 79–96.
Rosysknye dela o Fedore Schaklovitom i ego soobschnikah (1884) [Wanted Person Case for Fyodor Shaklovity and His Accomplices: 4 Vols.]. Vol. 1, 672 p. St Petersburg, Arkheologicheskaya komissiya.
Romanov, M. Yu. (2004). Strel’cy moskovskie [Moscow Streltsy]. 350 p. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo GPIB.
Sedov, P. V. (2008). Zakat Moskovskogo zarstva. Zarskij dvor konza XVII veka [The Decline of the Moscow Tsardom: The Court in the Late 17th Century]. 604 p. St Petersburg, Dmitriy Bulanin.
Ustryalov, N. G. (1858). Istoria zarstvovanya Petra Velikogo [The History of Peter the Great’s Reign]. Vol. 2, 588 p. St Petersburg, Tipografiya II-go otdeleniya Sobstvennoy Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii.
Poe, M. T. (2004). The Russian Elite in the Seventeenth Century. 1613–1713. Vol. 1, 469 p. Helsinki, Fin. Acad. of Sciences and Letters, Vammala.
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Опубликован
2017-04-12
Как цитировать
Petrukhintsev, N. (2017). Раннее европейское влияние на Петра I: Патрик Гордон и Франц Лефорт в конце XVII в. Quaestio Rossica, 5(1), 198–218. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.219
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Problema voluminis
