Дальний восток в фильмах А. Литвинова: конструирование образа пространства
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.214Аннотация
Дан анализ просветительского документального кино (культурфильмов) как средства конструирования образов региона в советскую эпоху. В 1920–1930-х гг. советская киноиндустрия была направлена на создание образов, которые позволяли зрительской аудитории по-новому взглянуть на образ жизни своей и иных территорий. Работая на «шестой части суши», кинематографисты показывали региональное разнообразие большой многонациональной страны, старались популярно рассказать советским гражданам о регионах. На материале фильмов А. Литвинова, сыгравшего важную роль в развитии практики экспедиционных фильмов в СССР, показано конструирование визуальных образов советского Дальнего Востока. Предпринятый авторами анализ ранних киноработ А. Литвинова Лесные люди (1928), По дебрям Уссурийского края (1928), Неведомая земля (1931) позволяет заключить, что они создавали образ Дальнего Востока прежде всего как «культурного фронтира», региона, основанного на природном и этническом многообразии. Дальний Восток в фильмах Литвинова предстает как особый пограничный регион Советской России. В то же время киноработы А. Литвинова на Дальнем Востоке – это первые кинематографические репрезентации «малых народностей» края, переживавших качественные изменения, связанные с распространением советской идеологии. Их отличительный характер состоял в том, что они заключали в себе научно-исследовательский подход, сочетали кинематографический метод и литературное творчество. Делается вывод о том, что в СССР культурфильмы представляли собой яркий пример дискурсивного и концептуального освоения отдаленных территорий, символического их «изобретения» и включения в систему восприятия новой империи.
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Papazian, E. A. (2009). Manufacturing Truth : The Documentary Moment in Early Soviet Culture. DeKalb, Northern Illinois Univ. Press.
Polyanovsky, M. L. (1929). Za sovetskimi “Nanukami” i “Changami” [Following the Soviet “Nanooks” and “Changies”]. In Kino, Apr. 10.
Razlogov, K. E. (2010). Iskusstvo ehkrana: ot sinematografa do Interneta [The Art of the Screen: From Cinematography to the Internet]. 287 p. Moscow, ROSSPEhN.
Remnev, A. V. (2000). Regionaljnihe parametrih imperskoyj “geografii vlasti” (Sibirj i Daljniyj Vostok) [The Regional Parameters of the Imperial “Geography of Power” (Siberia and the Far East)]. In AbImperio, 3–4, pp. 343–358.
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Sarkisova O. (2015). Taming the Frontier: Aleksandr Litvinov’s Expedition Films and Representations of Indigenous Minorities in the Far East. In Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 2–23.
Schlegel, H.-J. (2002). Nemeckie impuljsih dlya sovetskikh kuljturfiljmov 20-kh godov [German Impulses for the Soviet Kulturfilm of the 1920s]. In Kinovedcheskie zapiski, 58. Moscow, Ehyjzenshteyjn-centr. pp. 368–380.
Sergeev, M. (1931). Novihe filmih o Kamchatke [New Films about Kamchatka]. In Kino, 18 sept.
Shneiderov, V. A. (1973). Moi kinoputeshestviya [My Cinema Travels]. 96 p. Moscow, Byuro propagandih sovetskogo kinoiskusstva.
Slezkine, Yu. (1994). Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North. Ithaca, NY, Cornell Univ. Press.
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Terskoy, A. N. (1930). Ehtnograficheskaya filjma [The Ethnographic Film].187 p. Moscow, Teakinopechatj.
Vertov, D. (1966). Statji, dnevniki, zamihslih [Articles, Diaries, Ideas]. 320 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
Wood, A. (2011). Russia’s Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581–1991. L., A&C Black.
Zamyatin, D. N. (2006). Kuljtura i prostranstvo : Modelirovanie geograficheskikh obrazov [Culture and Space : Modelling of Geographical Images]. 488 p. Moscow, Znak.
Zguridi, A. M. (1983). Ehkran. Nauka. Zhiznj [Screen. Science. Life.].166 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
Arsenyev, V. K. (2002). Tropoyj, zavethannoyj Dersu… Sbornik rasskazov. [Following the Path of Dersu… A Collection of Short Stories].103 p.Vladivostok, Daljnevostochnihyj Arsenjevskiyj blagotvoriteljnihyj fond.
Arsenyev, V. K. (2007). Sobranie sochineniyj : v 6 tomakh. Vol. 1. 704 p. Vladivostok, Aljmanakh “Rubezh”.
Bassin, M. (1999). Nationalist Imagination and Geographical Expansion in the Russian Far East, 1840–1865. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press.
Cosgrove, D. (2008). Geography and Vision: Seeing, Imagining and Representing the World. L., I. B. Tauris.
Deryabin, A. S. (1999). O filjmakh-puteshestviyakh i Aleksandre Litvinove [About Expedition Films and Aleksandr Litvinov]. In Zelenoe spasenie, 11. Almatih, Germes, pp. 14–24.
Direktivih VKP(b) (1931). Direktivih VKP(b) po voprosam prosvetheniya [Instructions of the Russian Communist Party of Bolsheviks on Education Issues]. 496 p. Moscow, OGIZ.
Erofeev, V. A. (1929). Po “Krihshe mira” s kinoapparatom [On “the Roof of the World” with a Video Camera]. Moscow, Molodaya gvardiya.
Flaherty, R. (1980). Statji. Svideteljstva. Intervjyu [Articles. Testimonies. Interviews]. 224 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
Frank, S. (2010). Russkie travelogi serediny 1930kh godov [The Russian Travelogues in the mid – 1930s.]. In Kissel, W. S., Time, G. (Eds.). Beglye vzgliady : Novoeprochtenie russkikh travelogov pervoi treti 20 veka (pp. 180–211). Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
Kivelson, V., Neuberger, J. (Eds.) (2010). Picturing Russia : Explorations in Visual Culture. N. Haven, CT, Yale Univ. Press.
Krasheninnikov, S. P. (2013). Opisanie zemli Kamchatki [A Description of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands]. 480 p. Moscow, Ehksmo.
Lebedev, N. A. (1965). Ocherki istorii kino SSSR. Nemoe kino: 1918–1934 gg. [Essays on the history of the Cinema in the USSR. Silent Screen: 1918–1934]. 373 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
Litvinov, A. A. (1955). V Ussuriyjskoyj tayjge : Zapiski kinorezhissera [In the Ussuri Taiga : Notes of a Filmmaker]. In Uraljskiyj sovremennik, 1 (29). Sverdlovsk, Sverdlovskoe oblastnoe gosudarstvennoe izdateljstvo, pp. 116–199.
Litvinov, A. A. (1959). Po sledam Arsenjeva [Following Arsenyev]. 204 p. Vladivostok, Primorskoe knizhnoe izdateljstvo.
Litvinov, A. A. (1963). V krayu ognedihshathikh gor [In the Land of Fire-Spitting Mountains]. 212 p. Sverdlovsk, Sverdlovskoe knizhnoe izdateljstvo.
Litvinov, A. A. (1982). Puteshestviya s kinokameroyj [Travelling with a Video Camera]. 54 p. Moscow, Vsesoyuznoe byuro propagandih kinoiskusstva.
Litvinov, A. A. (S. n). Pervyie shagi [The First Steps]. Manuscript. SOKM. F. 15. Op. 2. D. 37. 4o. 3 L.
Magidov, V. M. (1998). Kinodokumentih po vizualjnoyj antropologii Rossii [Cinema Documents on the Visual Anthropology of Russia]. In Materialjnaya baza sferih kuljturih, 2, pp. 11–23. Moscow, RGB.
Malkova, V. K., Tishkov, V. A. (2009). Kuljtura i prostranstvo, 1. Obrazih rossiyjskikh respublik v Internete [Culture and Space, 1. Images of the Russian Republics on the Internet]. 147 p. Moscow, Institut Antropologii I Etnographii.
Martin, T. (2001). The Affirmative Action Empire : Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939. Ithaca, NY, Cornell Univ. Press.
Mitin, I. (2006). Mifogeografiya kak podkhod k izucheniyu mnozhestvennihkh realjnosteyj mesta [Mythogeography as an Approach to the Investigation of Multiple Realities of a Place]. In Gumanitarnaya geografiya : Nauchnihyj i kuljturno-prosvetiteljskiyj aljmanakh, 3, pp. 64–82. Moscow, Institut naslediya.
Paasi, A. (2003). Place and Region : Regional Identity in Question. In Progress in Human Geography. Vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 475–485.
Papazian, E. A. (2009). Manufacturing Truth : The Documentary Moment in Early Soviet Culture. DeKalb, Northern Illinois Univ. Press.
Polyanovsky, M. L. (1929). Za sovetskimi “Nanukami” i “Changami” [Following the Soviet “Nanooks” and “Changies”]. In Kino, Apr. 10.
Razlogov, K. E. (2010). Iskusstvo ehkrana: ot sinematografa do Interneta [The Art of the Screen: From Cinematography to the Internet]. 287 p. Moscow, ROSSPEhN.
Remnev, A. V. (2000). Regionaljnihe parametrih imperskoyj “geografii vlasti” (Sibirj i Daljniyj Vostok) [The Regional Parameters of the Imperial “Geography of Power” (Siberia and the Far East)]. In AbImperio, 3–4, pp. 343–358.
Remnev, A. V. (2010). Imperiya rasshiryaetsya na vostok: “toponimicheskiyj nacionalizm” v simvolicheskom prostranstve Aziatskoyj Rossii XIX – nachala XX veka [The Empire Broadens to the East: The “Toponymic Nationalism” in the Symbolic Space of Russia of the East between the 19th – Early Centuries]. In Nowak, A. (Ed.). Ofiary imperium. Imperia jako ofiary. 44 spojrzenia (pp. 153–168). Warsaw.
Rieber, A. (2005). The Comparative Ecology of Complex Frontiers. In Miller, A., Rieber, A. J. (Eds.). Imperial Rule (pp. 177–208). Budapest, Central Europ. Univ. Press.
Rony, F. T. (1996). Third Eye: Race, Cinema, and Ethnographic Spectacle. Durham : Duke Univ. Press, 1996. 320 p.
Sarkisova O. (2015). Taming the Frontier: Aleksandr Litvinov’s Expedition Films and Representations of Indigenous Minorities in the Far East. In Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 2–23.
Schlegel, H.-J. (2002). Nemeckie impuljsih dlya sovetskikh kuljturfiljmov 20-kh godov [German Impulses for the Soviet Kulturfilm of the 1920s]. In Kinovedcheskie zapiski, 58. Moscow, Ehyjzenshteyjn-centr. pp. 368–380.
Sergeev, M. (1931). Novihe filmih o Kamchatke [New Films about Kamchatka]. In Kino, 18 sept.
Shneiderov, V. A. (1973). Moi kinoputeshestviya [My Cinema Travels]. 96 p. Moscow, Byuro propagandih sovetskogo kinoiskusstva.
Slezkine, Yu. (1994). Arctic Mirrors: Russia and the Small Peoples of the North. Ithaca, NY, Cornell Univ. Press.
Sunderland, W. (2007). Imperial Space : Territorial Space and Practice in the Eighteenth Century. In Burbank J., Hagen M., Remnev A. (Eds.). Russian Empire: Space, People, Power, 1700–1930. Bloomington.
Terskoy, A. N. (1930). Ehtnograficheskaya filjma [The Ethnographic Film].187 p. Moscow, Teakinopechatj.
Vertov, D. (1966). Statji, dnevniki, zamihslih [Articles, Diaries, Ideas]. 320 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
Wood, A. (2011). Russia’s Frozen Frontier: A History of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1581–1991. L., A&C Black.
Zamyatin, D. N. (2006). Kuljtura i prostranstvo : Modelirovanie geograficheskikh obrazov [Culture and Space : Modelling of Geographical Images]. 488 p. Moscow, Znak.
Zguridi, A. M. (1983). Ehkran. Nauka. Zhiznj [Screen. Science. Life.].166 p. Moscow, Iskusstvo.
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Опубликован
2017-04-12
Как цитировать
Golovnev, I., & Golovneva, E. (2017). Дальний восток в фильмах А. Литвинова: конструирование образа пространства. Quaestio Rossica, 5(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.214
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Problema voluminis
