Вытесняется и отмирает? Городское ремесло в контексте теории модернизации: постановка проблемы
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.208Аннотация
Рассмотрена история русского городского ремесла в эпоху индустриализации второй половины XIX – начала XX в., не получившая своего должного отражения в историографии за исключением последних двух десятилетий. В контексте теории модернизации XIX–XX в. история ремесленничества как феномена, навсегда отошедшего в прошлое, не могла быть в полной мере исследована. Показано, что гетерогенный состав ремесленников (цеховые –нецеховые) и многоукладность ремесла (городское, сельское, кустарное, артельное) в дореволюционной России создавали предпосылки для более гибкого реагирования на запросы рынка, таили в себе большой потенциал роста и перерождения в современные формы кооперации, профессиональных корпораций и стоящих на новом технологическом уровне малых предприятий. Принципиально важным было наличие разных форм ремесленной собственности и организации от ремесленника-кустаря на селе или в городе, производящего по подряду для анонимного рынка и зависящего зачастую от купеческого капитала, до городского мастера – собственника ремесленной мастерской, работающего, как правило, по индивидуальным заказам. Автором обозначены методологические подходы, использование которых позволит по-новому посмотреть на генетическую связь ремесленной мастерской с «генераторами инноваций» – современными малыми и средними предприятиями и актуализировать историческое знание.
Библиографические ссылки
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Alekseeva, E. V. (Ed). (2014). Rol‘ endogennykh i ekzogennykh faktorov v razvitii rossiyskoy tsivilizatsii (XVIII – nachalo XX v.) [The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Development of Russian Civilisation (18th – Early 20th Centuries)]. 248 p. Yekaterinburg, RIO UrO RAN.
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Blessing, G. (2004). Professional’nyi put’ remeslennika [The Professional Way of a Craftsman]. In Professional’noe obrazovanie, 9, pp. 16–17.
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Epstein, S. R. (1998). Craft Guilds, Apprenticeship, and Technological Change in Preindustrial Europe. In The J. of Economic History, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 684–713.
Fischer, W. (1972). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter der Industrialisierung. Aufsätze – Studien – Vorträge. 547 S. Göttingen : Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht.
Jobst, K. S., Liechtenhan, F.-D. (2015). Wissenschaftliche, technologische und finanzielle Investitionen und Interaktionen europäischer Staaten im Zarenreich und die Vorzeichen des Ersten Weltkriegs seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19 Jh. In Quaestio Rossica, 3, pp. 35–65.
Kaufhold, K. H. (1979). Das Handwerk zwischen Anpassung und Verdrängung //
H. Pohl (Hsg.). Sozialgeschichtliche Probleme der Hochindustrialisierung (1879–1914). Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich, Schöningh, pp. 103–141.
Кeller, A. (2002). Die Handwerker in St. Petersburg. Von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges. 600 S. Frankfurt a. Main u. a., Peter Lang.
Keller, A. V. (2014a). Stanovlenie i razvitie remeslennogo obrazovaniya v Sankt-Peterburge nachala 18 – nachala 20 v. [The Formation and Development of Vocational Education in St Petersburg in the Early 18th – Early 20th Centuries]. In Izvestiya Ural’skogo federal’nogo universiteta. Ser. 2, Gumanitarnye nauki, 3 (130), pp. 227–240.
Keller, A. V. (2014b). “Srednevekovyi institut“ ili innovatsiya v dukhe petrovskikh reform? Tsekhi v Rossii i korporativnoe samoupravlenie remeslennikov na primere Sankt-Peterburga s nachala XVIII do nachala XX veka [A “Medieval institution” or an Innovation in the Spirit of Peter’s Reforms? Workshops in Russia and Artisan Corporate Government in St Petersburg between the Early 18th to the Early 20th Centuries]. In Rossiya XXI, 5, pp. 74–95.
Kharitonovich, D. E. (1999). Remeslo : Cehi i mif [Handicraft. Workshops and Myth] In Svanidze, A. A. (Ed.). Gorod v srednevekovoj civilizacii Zapadnoj Evropy. Vol. 1–4. Vol. 2. Zhizn’ goroda i dejatel’nost’ gorozhan. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 118–124.
Klement, K. (2007). Trud ne na rabochem meste [Work outside the Workplace] // Otechestvennye zapiski, 4, pp. 37–55.
Kosmodem’yanskaya, A. I. (2004). Model’ profobrazovaniya evropeyskogo urovnya [A Model of Vocational Education of the European Level]. In Professional‘noe obrazovanie, 9, pp. 14–15.
Luhmann, N. (2006). Differentsiatsiya [Differentiation] / transl. by B. Skuratov. 320 p. Moscow, Logos.
Mokyr, J. (2006). Merkantilizm, prosveshchenie i promyshlennaya revoliutsiya [Mercantilism, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution]. In Ekonomicheskii vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 7–31.
Mokyr, J. (2014). Rychag bogatstva : Tekhnologicheskaya kreativnost’ i ekonomicheskiy progress [The Lever of Riches : Technological Creativity and Economic Progress] / transl. by N. Edel’man; eds. T. Drobyshevskoy, A. Smirnova. 504 p. Moscow, Izdatel‘stvo Instituta Gaidara.
Moore, J. W. The Capitalocene. Part I : On the Nature & Origins of Our Ecological Crisis. In Moore J. W., ed. (2016). Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism. 240 p. PM Press/Kairos PM, pp. 1–40.
Pazhitnov, K. A. (1952). Problema remeslennyh cehov v zakonodatel’stve russkogo absoljutizma [The Problem of Guilds in the Legislation of Russian Absolutism]. 211 p. Moscow, AN SSSR.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (2015). Aktory rossiiskoy imperskoy modernizatsii : problem i perspektivy issledovaniya [The Actors in Russian Imperial Modernization : Problems and Perspectives of Research]. In Ural‘skiy istoricheskii vestnik, 4 (49), pp. 16–25.
Randeria, S. (2004). Verwobene Moderne : Zivilgesellschaft, Kastenbindungen und nicht-staatliches Familienrecht im (post)kolonialen Indien. In Randeria, S. at al. (Eds.).
Konfigurationen der Moderne : Diskurse zu Indien. Soziale Welt Sonderband 15. Baden-Baden, Nomos, pp. 155–178.
Romantsev, G. M. (Ed.). (2012). Problemy stanovleniya professional’nogo remeslennogo obrazovaniya v Rossii : kollektivnaya monografiya [Problems of the Formation of Vocational Trade Education in Russia : Collective Monograph]. 233 p. Yekaterinburg, Izdatel‘stvo Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo professionalno-pedagogitcheskogo universiteta.
Rybakov, Yu. Ya. (1986). Promyshlennoe zakonodatel’stvo Rossii pervoi poloviny XIX veka (istochnikovedcheskie ocherki) [Industrial Legislation in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century (Source Essays)] / Ed. B. G. Litvak. 214 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Sennet, R. (2008). Kapitalizm v bol’shom gorode : globalizatsiia, gibkost’ i bezrazlichie [Capitalism and the City : Globalization, Flexibility, and Indifference]. In Logos : filosofskoliteraturnyi zhurnal, 3 (66), pp. 95–107.
Sennet, R. (2008). The Craftsman. 326 p. N. Haven, Yale Univ. Press.
Seumer, M. (1998). Vom Reinigungsgewerbe zum Gebäudereiniger-Handwerk : die Entwicklung der gewerblichen Gebäudereinigung in Deutschland (1878 bis 1990). 393 S. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag.
Shepeleva, V. B. (1997). Kustari v teorii, strategii i taktike bol’shevikov ot imperializma do NEPa [Craftsmen in the Theory, Strategy, and Tactics of the Bolsheviks from Imperialism to the NEP]. In Vestnik Omskogo universiteta, 2, pp. 47–50.
Steiner, B. (2014). Die Nebenfolgen in der Geschichte. Eine historische Soziologie reflexiver Modernisierung. In Historische Zeitschrift, Beihefte N. F. 65, eds. A. Fahrmeir und L. Gall. Berlin, München, Boston, Walter De Gruyter GmbH, pp. 11–15.
Tugan-Baranovsky, M. I. (1997). Izbrannoe : Russkaia fabrika v proshlom i nastoyashchem. Istoricheskoe razvitie russkoy fabriki v XIX v. [Selected Works. The Russian Factory in the Past and Present. Historical Development of the Russian Factory in the 19th Century]. 735 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Beschäftigte / Umsätze // Zentralverband des deutschen Handwerks [Offizielle Webseite]. URL: https://www.zdh.de/daten-fakten/betriebszahlen/beschaeftigte-umsaetze.html (Stand: 19.10.2016).
Alekseeva, E. V. (Ed). (2014). Rol‘ endogennykh i ekzogennykh faktorov v razvitii rossiyskoy tsivilizatsii (XVIII – nachalo XX v.) [The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in the Development of Russian Civilisation (18th – Early 20th Centuries)]. 248 p. Yekaterinburg, RIO UrO RAN.
Alekseeva, E. V., Redin D. A., Rej M.-P. (2016). “Evropeizatsiya”, “vesternizatsiya” i mehanizmy adaptatsii zapadnykh novovvedeniy v Rossii imperskogo perioda [“Europeanisation”, “Westernisation”, and the Mechanisms of Adapting Western Innovation in Russia during the Imperial Period]. In Voprosy istorii, 6, pp. 3–20.
Ananiev, V. G. (2017). Centres of Artisanal Culture: Discussions on Provincial Art Museums and the Handicraft Industry in the First Quarter of the 20th Century. Discussions Surrounding Provincial Art Museums and the Handicraft Industry in the 1910s]. In Quaestio Rossica, Vol. 5. № 1, рр. 86–98. DOI 10.15826/qr.2017.1.212.
Bakanov, S. A. (2017). Urban Demographic Decline in the Traditional Industrial Regions of the Urals (1959–2010). In Quaestio Rossica, Vol. 5. № 1, pp. 74–85. DOI 10.15826/qr.2017.1.211.
Beck, U., Bonß W., Lau C. (2001). Theorie reflexiver Modernisierung. Fragestellungen, Hypothesen, Forschungsprogramm. In Beck, U., Bonß, W. (Hrsg.). Die Modernisierung der Moderne. Frankfurt a. M., pp. 11–59.
Blessing, G. (2004). Professional’nyi put’ remeslennika [The Professional Way of a Craftsman]. In Professional’noe obrazovanie, 9, pp. 16–17.
Bogatova, G. A. (Ed.). (1997). Slovar‘ russkogo yazyka 11–17 vv. [A Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 11th – 17th Centuries] / Institut russkogo yazyka imeny V. V. Vinogradova. Vol. 22. 298 p. Мoscow, Nauka.
Egorov, V. G., Chistova, S. M. (2009). Gorodskoe remeslennoe proizvodstvo Rossii v otechestvennoy istoriografii [Urban Craft Production in Russia in Russian Historiography]. 270 p. Moscow, GOU VPO MGUL.
Efanov, A. V. (2011). K voprosu o tsennostyakh sovremennogo remeslennichestva. In Stanovlenie i razvitie remeslennichestva i professional’nogo remeslennogo obrazovaniya v Rossii : sb. nauch. st. 4-y Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. konf. [On the Values of Contemporary Handicrafts // The Formation and Development of Artisan and Vocational Artisanal Education in Russia : Proc. of Scholarly. Art. 4th Int. Academic Practical. Conf.]. Yekaterinburg, Izdatel‘stvo Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo professionalnopedagogitcheskogo universiteta, pp. 17–22.
Eisenstadt, S. N. (2000). Multiple Modernities. In Daedalus, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 1–31.
Epstein, S. R. (1998). Craft Guilds, Apprenticeship, and Technological Change in Preindustrial Europe. In The J. of Economic History, Vol. 58, No. 3, pp. 684–713.
Fischer, W. (1972). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im Zeitalter der Industrialisierung. Aufsätze – Studien – Vorträge. 547 S. Göttingen : Vanderhoeck & Ruprecht.
Jobst, K. S., Liechtenhan, F.-D. (2015). Wissenschaftliche, technologische und finanzielle Investitionen und Interaktionen europäischer Staaten im Zarenreich und die Vorzeichen des Ersten Weltkriegs seit der zweiten Hälfte des 19 Jh. In Quaestio Rossica, 3, pp. 35–65.
Kaufhold, K. H. (1979). Das Handwerk zwischen Anpassung und Verdrängung //
H. Pohl (Hsg.). Sozialgeschichtliche Probleme der Hochindustrialisierung (1879–1914). Paderborn, München, Wien, Zürich, Schöningh, pp. 103–141.
Кeller, A. (2002). Die Handwerker in St. Petersburg. Von der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges. 600 S. Frankfurt a. Main u. a., Peter Lang.
Keller, A. V. (2014a). Stanovlenie i razvitie remeslennogo obrazovaniya v Sankt-Peterburge nachala 18 – nachala 20 v. [The Formation and Development of Vocational Education in St Petersburg in the Early 18th – Early 20th Centuries]. In Izvestiya Ural’skogo federal’nogo universiteta. Ser. 2, Gumanitarnye nauki, 3 (130), pp. 227–240.
Keller, A. V. (2014b). “Srednevekovyi institut“ ili innovatsiya v dukhe petrovskikh reform? Tsekhi v Rossii i korporativnoe samoupravlenie remeslennikov na primere Sankt-Peterburga s nachala XVIII do nachala XX veka [A “Medieval institution” or an Innovation in the Spirit of Peter’s Reforms? Workshops in Russia and Artisan Corporate Government in St Petersburg between the Early 18th to the Early 20th Centuries]. In Rossiya XXI, 5, pp. 74–95.
Kharitonovich, D. E. (1999). Remeslo : Cehi i mif [Handicraft. Workshops and Myth] In Svanidze, A. A. (Ed.). Gorod v srednevekovoj civilizacii Zapadnoj Evropy. Vol. 1–4. Vol. 2. Zhizn’ goroda i dejatel’nost’ gorozhan. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 118–124.
Klement, K. (2007). Trud ne na rabochem meste [Work outside the Workplace] // Otechestvennye zapiski, 4, pp. 37–55.
Kosmodem’yanskaya, A. I. (2004). Model’ profobrazovaniya evropeyskogo urovnya [A Model of Vocational Education of the European Level]. In Professional‘noe obrazovanie, 9, pp. 14–15.
Luhmann, N. (2006). Differentsiatsiya [Differentiation] / transl. by B. Skuratov. 320 p. Moscow, Logos.
Mokyr, J. (2006). Merkantilizm, prosveshchenie i promyshlennaya revoliutsiya [Mercantilism, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution]. In Ekonomicheskii vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 7–31.
Mokyr, J. (2014). Rychag bogatstva : Tekhnologicheskaya kreativnost’ i ekonomicheskiy progress [The Lever of Riches : Technological Creativity and Economic Progress] / transl. by N. Edel’man; eds. T. Drobyshevskoy, A. Smirnova. 504 p. Moscow, Izdatel‘stvo Instituta Gaidara.
Moore, J. W. The Capitalocene. Part I : On the Nature & Origins of Our Ecological Crisis. In Moore J. W., ed. (2016). Anthropocene or Capitalocene? Nature, History, and the Crisis of Capitalism. 240 p. PM Press/Kairos PM, pp. 1–40.
Pazhitnov, K. A. (1952). Problema remeslennyh cehov v zakonodatel’stve russkogo absoljutizma [The Problem of Guilds in the Legislation of Russian Absolutism]. 211 p. Moscow, AN SSSR.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (2015). Aktory rossiiskoy imperskoy modernizatsii : problem i perspektivy issledovaniya [The Actors in Russian Imperial Modernization : Problems and Perspectives of Research]. In Ural‘skiy istoricheskii vestnik, 4 (49), pp. 16–25.
Randeria, S. (2004). Verwobene Moderne : Zivilgesellschaft, Kastenbindungen und nicht-staatliches Familienrecht im (post)kolonialen Indien. In Randeria, S. at al. (Eds.).
Konfigurationen der Moderne : Diskurse zu Indien. Soziale Welt Sonderband 15. Baden-Baden, Nomos, pp. 155–178.
Romantsev, G. M. (Ed.). (2012). Problemy stanovleniya professional’nogo remeslennogo obrazovaniya v Rossii : kollektivnaya monografiya [Problems of the Formation of Vocational Trade Education in Russia : Collective Monograph]. 233 p. Yekaterinburg, Izdatel‘stvo Rossiyskogo gosudarstvennogo professionalno-pedagogitcheskogo universiteta.
Rybakov, Yu. Ya. (1986). Promyshlennoe zakonodatel’stvo Rossii pervoi poloviny XIX veka (istochnikovedcheskie ocherki) [Industrial Legislation in Russia in the First Half of the 19th Century (Source Essays)] / Ed. B. G. Litvak. 214 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Sennet, R. (2008). Kapitalizm v bol’shom gorode : globalizatsiia, gibkost’ i bezrazlichie [Capitalism and the City : Globalization, Flexibility, and Indifference]. In Logos : filosofskoliteraturnyi zhurnal, 3 (66), pp. 95–107.
Sennet, R. (2008). The Craftsman. 326 p. N. Haven, Yale Univ. Press.
Seumer, M. (1998). Vom Reinigungsgewerbe zum Gebäudereiniger-Handwerk : die Entwicklung der gewerblichen Gebäudereinigung in Deutschland (1878 bis 1990). 393 S. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag.
Shepeleva, V. B. (1997). Kustari v teorii, strategii i taktike bol’shevikov ot imperializma do NEPa [Craftsmen in the Theory, Strategy, and Tactics of the Bolsheviks from Imperialism to the NEP]. In Vestnik Omskogo universiteta, 2, pp. 47–50.
Steiner, B. (2014). Die Nebenfolgen in der Geschichte. Eine historische Soziologie reflexiver Modernisierung. In Historische Zeitschrift, Beihefte N. F. 65, eds. A. Fahrmeir und L. Gall. Berlin, München, Boston, Walter De Gruyter GmbH, pp. 11–15.
Tugan-Baranovsky, M. I. (1997). Izbrannoe : Russkaia fabrika v proshlom i nastoyashchem. Istoricheskoe razvitie russkoy fabriki v XIX v. [Selected Works. The Russian Factory in the Past and Present. Historical Development of the Russian Factory in the 19th Century]. 735 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Beschäftigte / Umsätze // Zentralverband des deutschen Handwerks [Offizielle Webseite]. URL: https://www.zdh.de/daten-fakten/betriebszahlen/beschaeftigte-umsaetze.html (Stand: 19.10.2016).
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Опубликован
2017-04-12
Как цитировать
Keller, A. (2017). Вытесняется и отмирает? Городское ремесло в контексте теории модернизации: постановка проблемы. Quaestio Rossica, 5(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.208
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Problema voluminis
