Холопство в России XVII в.: институт, не породивший касту
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.3.178Аннотация
Рассматривается история социальной группы холопов в России XVII в.: источники исследования, этапы эволюции их правового статуса от Смутного времени до реформ Петра I. В научный оборот вводится кабальная книга Великого Устюга 1619–1620 гг., расширяющая представления о русском холопстве. Институт холопства пополнялся представителями всех социальных слоев, включая дворян и детей боярских, доступ которых в ряды холопов был запрещен в 1640-х гг. С 1641 г. в холопы было запрещено принимать также крестьян и посадских людей. Жилецкие люди, которых некоторые историки считали разновидностью холопов, в законодательстве резко отделялись от них и составляли особую социальную группу. Автор настаивает, что до 1630-х гг., когда владение холопами стало практически монополией дворян, холопами владели представители всех страт общества. Введенная автором в научный оборот Устюжская кабальная книга показывает, насколько широким был спектр рабовладельцев Московской Руси. Автор приходит к выводу, что, будучи чрезвычайно размытой социальной группой, холопы впитывали в свои ряды представителей самых разных социальных страт, и их нельзя считать единым сословием.
Библиографические ссылки
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Jakovlev, A. I. (1943) Holopy i holopstvo v Moskovskom gosudarstve XVII v. [Slaves and Slavery in the Moscow State of the 17th Centuries.] Moscow, Izd. Academii Nauk, 1943.
Siegel, B. J. (1945) Some Methodological Considerations for a Comparative Study on Slavery. In Am. Anthrropologist, 47, pp. 357–392.
Arakcheev, V. A. (2014) Vlast I zemlja: pravitelstvennaja politika v otnoshenii tjaglyh soslovij Rossii vtoroj poloviny XVI–nachala XVII v. [Power and “land”: Government policy Towards Taxpaying Estates in Russia in the Second Half of the 16th-early 17th century]. Moscow, Drevlehranilische, 2014. 506 p.
Arakcheev, V. A. (2015) O prichinah perehoda k podvornoj sisteme nalogoobloszenija v 1678–1679 gg. [The Reasons for the Transition to the Grid System of Taxation in the Years 1678–1679]. In Eszegodnik po agrarnoj istorii Vostochnoj Evropy. 2014 god. Moscow, Samara, Samarski universitet, 2015, p. 118–125.
Arhiv Sankt-Peterburgskogo instituta istorii RAN [Archive of Saint Petersburg Institute of History RAN]). F. 134 (Dedilovskaja prikaznaja izba). Op. 1. D. 699, 704, 740, 741, 748.
Vaszinskii, V. M. (1974) Zemlevladenie i skladyvanie obschiny odnodvorzev v XVII v. [Land Tenure and the Establishment of the Community of “Odnodvorzi” in the 17th century.] Voronesz, Izd. Voroneszskogo universiteta, 1974. 255 p.
Vodarskii, A. J. (1977) Naselenie Rossii v konze XVII – nachale XVIII v. [The Population of Russia at the End of the Early 17th–18th centuries]. Moscow, Nauka, 1977. 262 p.
Vorobjev, V. M. (1983) Izszivalos’ li holopstvo v pomestjah Severo-Zapada Rossii serediny XVII – nachala XVIII v? [Did Slavery Disappear in the Estates of Northwest Russia in the Mid–17th – Early 18th Centuries]. In ISSSR. 1983. № 4, p. 113–123.
Dvorjanstvo i krepostnoj stroj Rossii XVI–XVIII vv. Moscow, Nauka, 1975. 270 p.
Gotie, J. V. Zamoskovnyj kraj v XVII v. [“Zamoskovnyj kraj” in the 17th century.] Moscow, Tip. Lissnera I Sobko, 1906. 602 s.
Zakonodatel’nye akty Russkogo gosudarstva vtoroj poloviny XVI-pervoj poloviny XVII v. Texty. [The Legislative Acts of the Russian State the Second Half of the 16th – 1st Half of the 17th centuries. Texts.] Leningrad, Nauka, 1986. 261 p.
Zakonodatel’nye akty Russkogo gosudarstva vtoroj poloviny XVI – pervoj poloviny XVII v. Kommentarii. Leningrad, Nauka, 1986. 260 p.
Kolycheva, E. I. (1971) Holopstvo i krepostnichestvo. [Slavery and Serfdom]. Moscow, Nauka, 1971. 250 p.
Korezkii, V. I. (1970) Zakreposchenie krestjan I klassovaja bor’ba v Rossii vo vtoroj polovine XVI v. [Enslavement of Peasants and Class Struggle in Russia in the Second half of the 16th century.] Moscow, Nauka, 1970. 300 p.
Pamjatniki russkogo prava (konez XV-nachalo XVII v.) [Monuments of Russian Law (Late 15th – Early 17th Centuries)]. Moscow, Izd. Juridicheskoj literatury,1956. Vyp. IV. 632 p.
Pamjatniki russkogo prava (pervaja polovina XVII v.) [Monuments of Russian law]. Moscow, Izd. Juridicheskoj literatury, 1959. Vyp. V. 667 p. (First Half at the 17th Centure).
Pamjatniki russkogo prava (vtoraja polovina XVII v.) [Monuments of Russian law]. Moscow, Izd. Juridicheskoj literatury, 1963. Vyp. VII. 510 p. (Second Half at the 17th Centure).
Panejach, V. M. (1975) Holopstvo v XVI-nachale XVII v. [Slavery in the 16th– Early 17th Centuries.] Sankt-Petersburg, Nauka,1975. 266 p.
Panejach, V. M. (1984) Holopstvo v pervoj polovine XVII v. [Slavery in the 16th– Early17th Centuries.] Sankt-Petersburg, Nauka, 1984. 259 p. Polnoje sobranije zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire]. Sankt-Petersburg, Izd. Tipografii imp. kanzeljarii, 1830. Vol. 1. 1029 p.
RGADA [Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts.] F. 233 (Ugliszkaja prikaznaja izba). Op. 1. D. 301.
RGADA [Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts]. F. 1209 (Pomestnyj prikaz). Op. 1. D. 456. L. 202–216.
Sobornoe uloszenie 1649 g. Text. Kommentarii. [The Parliamentary statute of 1649]. Moscow, Nauka, 1987. 448 p.
Sudebniki XV–XVI vv. [The Law Proceeding of the 15th–16th Centuries.] Moscow, Izd. Academii Nauk, 1952. 505 p.
Hellie, R. (1998) Holopstvo v Rossii 1450–1725 gg. [Slavery in Russia, 1450–1725]. Moscow, Academia, 1998.
Jakovlev, A. I. (1943) Holopy i holopstvo v Moskovskom gosudarstve XVII v. [Slaves and Slavery in the Moscow State of the 17th Centuries.] Moscow, Izd. Academii Nauk, 1943.
Siegel, B. J. (1945) Some Methodological Considerations for a Comparative Study on Slavery. In Am. Anthrropologist, 47, pp. 357–392.
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Опубликован
2016-09-30
Как цитировать
Arakcheev, V. (2016). Холопство в России XVII в.: институт, не породивший касту. Quaestio Rossica, 4(3), 111–122. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.3.178
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