Sergey Chekhonin: the sickle and the hammer or the monster cockroach (Tarakanishсhe)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.148Аннотация
Над созданием в 1918 г. эмблемы РСФСР, ставшей четыре года спустя основой герба Советского Союза, работало несколько художников. Но законченный вид гербу и флагу Российской Федерации придал Сергей Васильевич Чехонин. Благодаря таланту едва ли не самого виртуозного из русских графиков емкий по смыслу и, конечно, неповинный в оказавшихся за ним жизненных реалиях символ нашел совершенную композиционную форму. Наследие Чехонина недостаточно исследовано. Автор настоящей статьи, основанной на изучении ставших библиографической редкостью изданий, иллюстрированных и оформленных Чехониным, на публикациях конца 1910–1920-х гг., на дневниках того времени, обращается к важнейшим страницам творчества мастера. Поклонников таланта Чехонина удивило, с каким энтузиазмом и увлеченностью он начал сотрудничать с новой властью, работать над советской эмблематикой. В статье отношение Чехонина к современным событиям рассматривается в русле темы «”Мир искусства” и революция». Сочувственно встретив свержение самодержавия, «мирискусники» готовы были и после Октябрьского переворота принимать активное участие в работе по охране архитектурных памятников и музейных сокровищ, по совершенствованию художественной педагогики, издательского и театрального дела. Однако вскоре энтузиазм сменился чувством тревоги и неудовлетворенности. В середине 1920-х гг. многие из «мирискусников» оказались за пределами Советского Союза. Не составил исключения и Чехонин. У художника нарастали критические и скептические настроения, наиболее полно проявившиеся в иллюстрациях к сказке Корнея Чуковского «Тараканище». Анализируя текст «Тараканища», сопоставляя его с другими сказками Чуковского, с дневниковыми записями писателя, автор статьи убеждает, что «Тараканище» адресован не только детям. Не случайно образ «Тараканища» в 1930-е гг. возник в роковом стихотворении Осипа Мандельштама («Тараканьи смеются глазища и сверкают его голенища…»), а в известной пьесе Евгения Шварца он вырос до размеров гигантского дракона. Чехонин, несомненно, уловил недетскую интонацию сказки Чуковского: его иллюстрации к ней стали своего рода альтернативой созданной им советской геральдики.
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Опубликован
2016-04-06
Как цитировать
Golynets, S. (2016). Sergey Chekhonin: the sickle and the hammer or the monster cockroach (Tarakanishсhe). Quaestio Rossica, 4(1), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.148
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Vox redactoris
