Мусульманская политика русского государства в эпоху Ивана Грозного: дискуссионные аспекты
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.140Аннотация
Исследование посвящено истории взаимодействия православных христиан Русского государства и мусульман. Существующие данные позволяют говорить о том, что уже в XIV в. мусульмане начинают проживать непосредственно в ряде русских городов. С распадом Золотой Орды и углублением борьбы между ее государствами-наследниками поток эмигрантов в русские земли увеличивался. Завоевание в середине XVI в. Казанского и Астраханского ханств, а позднее Сибири в корне изменило этническую и религиозную ситуацию. В рамках одной страны были объединены русские, татары, представители различных финно-угорских народов и верующие двух мировых религий – христианства и ислама. Это должно было повлиять на государственную идеологию и практику. Для изучения обозначенной проблемы историки привлекали многочисленные документальные и нарративные источники. Однако за границей внимания оставались посольские книги, где сосредоточена информация по христианско-мусульманскому взаимодействию. По мнению автора, данный вид источников представляется весьма перспективным. На основании этих книг, во-первых, выявляются особенности взаимоотношений коренного мусульманского населения с пришлой русской администрацией на территории покоренной Астрахани, во-вторых, прослеживаются потоки добровольной и насильственной миграции населения и элиты Ногайской Орды в Россию. Автор раскрывает своеобразие христианско-исламских отношений, обращаясь к характеру Казанской войны, которая не имела «крестоносного» характера. Переселение части казанской знати в Новгородчину не повлекло за собой обязательной ее христианизации. В покоренной Астрахани, по сути, образовался режим двоевластия: наряду с воеводской администрацией, в управлении городом принимала участие местная знать. Сибирские материалы тоже не дают оснований говорить о целенаправленной политике христианизации покоренного населения. Анализ данных посольских книг позволяет сказать, что случаи крещения пленных татар оставались единичными. Все это позволило автору сделать выводы, что русская государственная практика периода правления Ивана Грозного была достаточно индифферентна к вероисповедованию своих подданных. Для изучаемого времени не характерна целенаправленная политика христианизации мусульманского населения. И только нарушение баланса религиозной свободы и государственной безопасности приводило к репрессиям и крещению части мусульманского населения.
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2016-04-06
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Moiseev, M. (2016). Мусульманская политика русского государства в эпоху Ивана Грозного: дискуссионные аспекты. Quaestio Rossica, 4(1), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.140
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