Средняя Волга и Заволжье в процессе формирования Российской государственности: современная концепция
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2015.2.099Аннотация
Авторский коллектив исходит из концепции, согласно которой вплоть до середины XIX в. средневолжский регион может быть охарактеризован как один из фронтиров Российского государства – специфическое пограничье Европы и Азии, окраинная территория, обращенная на юго-восток, к кочевому степному миру. До середины XVIII в. система управления в Среднем Поволжье выполняла прежде всего военные и фортификационные задачи. Важнейшей особенностью региона был процесс его массовой колонизации, осуществлявшейся с середины XVII и до самого начала ХХ в., чему способствовали наличие здесь значительного фонда свободных земель и благоприятная рыночная конъюнктура. Результатом переселенческого движения стало укоренение на основной территории региона русского крестьянского хозяйства и помещичьего землевладения, постепенное вытеснение кочевого скотоводства. К середине XIX в., когда имперская политика в Заволжье утратила военные и внешнеполитические функции, а система управления была унифицирована по общероссийскому образцу, средневолжский регион из фронтира вдоль юго-восточной границы начал превращаться в своеобразную «внутреннюю окраину» России, обладавшую чертами пограничья и одновременно внутренних территорий империи. В пореформенный период Заволжье обрело статус «российской житницы», одного из основных центров товарного зернового производства, поставщиков хлеба на внутренний и внешний рынки. Строительство железных дорог, развитие волжского пароходства способствовали интенсивному притоку населения, стремительной распашке степных земель. На рубеже XIX–ХХ вв. регион стал транзитным узлом, через который шло массовое переселение крестьян из центральных губерний России и Украины в Сибирь. Особенностью сельского населения региона, его отличием от других «внутренних районов» России являлась этноконфессиональная неоднородность и активное взаимовлияние народов «леса и степи», что имело глубокие исторические корни. К началу ХХ в. «внутренняя окраина» превратилась в особое историко-культурное пространство со своим узнаваемым обликом, в «общую родину» для своего многоликого населения.
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Kaby′tov, P. S., Dubman, E′. L. & Leont′eva O. B. (Eds.). (2013). «Obretenie rodiny′»: obshhestvo i vlast′ v Srednem Povolzh’e (vtoraya polovina XVI – nachalo XX v.). Ch. 1: Ocherki istorii [“Finding Motherland”: Society and Authorities in the Middle Volga River Basin (2nd Half of the 16th – Early 20th Century): Essays on History]. 360 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
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Kaby′tova, N. N. (2012). Social′no-politicheskaya differenciaciya naseleniya Povolzh′ya v 1917 g. [The Social and Political Differentiation of the Volga River Basin Population in 1917], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 99, pp. 161–171.
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Kobozeva, Z. M. (2013). Meshhanskoe soslovie g. Samary′ v prostranstve vlasti i povsednevnosti (vtoraya polovina XIX –nachalo XX v.), ili Rasskaz o «dushe s povinnostyami» [Petty Bourgeoisie of Samara in the Space of Power and Everyday Life (2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries), or A Story of “a Soul with Obligations”]. 608 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Kusber, J. (2014). Cultural Transfer as a Field for the Observation of Historical Cultural Studies. The Example of The Russian Empire, Quaestio Rossica, 2, pp. 233–251.
Leonov, M. I. (2013). Vlast′ i obshhestvo Srednej Volgi i Zavolzh′ya v gody′ Dumskoj monarhii [The Authorities and Society of the Middle Volga and Trans-Volga River Basin during the Duma Monarchy Era], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 139–150.
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Smirnov, Yu. N. (1999). Narod i vlast′ v osvoenii Rossiiskogo Zavolzh′ya: XVIII – seredina XIX v. [People and Authorities in the Development of the Russian Trans-Volga River Basin: 18th – Mid-19th Centuries]. (Dissertation). Мoscow.
Solov′yev, S. M. (1988). Sochineniya [A Collection of Works] (in 18 bks.) (Bk. 2, 768 p.). Мoscow, My′sl′.
Stoly′pinskaya agrarnaya reforma v Samarskoj gubernii: Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Stolypin’s Land Reform in Samara Governorate: A Collection of Documents and Materials]. (2012). 314 p. Samara.
Turner, F. J. (2009). Frontir v amerikanskoj istorii [Frontiers in American History]. (Transl. from Eng.). 304 p. Мoscow, Ves′ mir.
Tyurin, V. А. (2013). Struktura, chislennost′, social′ny′j sostav gorodskogo naseleniya
Srednego Povolzh′ya vo vtoroj polovine XIX – nachale XX v. [The Structure, Number, and
Social Makeup of the Urban Population of the Middle Volga River Basin in the 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 92–98.
Aust, M., Vul′pius, R. & Miller, A. (Eds.). (2010). Imperium inter pares: Rol′ transferov v istorii Rossijskoj imperii (1700–1917) [Imperium inter pares: The Role of Transfers in the History of the Russian Empire (1700–1917)]. 392 p. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
Barrett, T. M. Linii neopredelennosti: severokavkazskij «frontir» Rossii [The Lines of Uncertainty: The North Caucasian Frontier of Russia]. In David-Fox, M. (Comp.). (2000). Amerikanskaya rusistika: Vehi istoriografii poslednih let. Imperatorskij period: Antologiya (pp. 163–194). Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Braudel, F. (2006). Material′naya civilizaciya, e′konomika i kapitalizm, XV–XVIII vv. [Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism: 15th – 18th Centuries] (in 3 vols.). (Transl. from Fr.). Moscow, Ves′ mir.
Cy′ganova, Ya. M. (2013). Rossijskaya provinciya poreformennoj e′pohi kak istorikokul′ turnoe prostranstvo: podkhody′ k izucheniyu [Russian Province after the Reform Era as a Historical and Cultural Space: Approaches to Research], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 74–82.
Dameshek, L. M. & Remnev, A. V. (2007). Sibir′ v sostave Rossijskoj imperii [Siberia as Part of the Russian Empire]. 368 p. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
Dubman, E′. L. (2012). Yugo-Vostok Evropejskoj Rossii: monografiya. Ch. 1: Povolzhskij frontir v seredine XVI–XVII vv. Ocherki istorii [The Southeast of European Russia: A Monograph. Part 1. The Volga River Basin Frontier in the Mid-16th – 17th Centuries. Essays on History]. 236 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Dubman, E′. L. & Kaby′tov, P. S. (Eds.). (2007). Povolzh′e – «vnutrennyaya okraina» Rossii: gosudarstvo i obshhestvo v osvoenii novyh territorij (konecz XVI – nachalo XX v.) [The Volga River Basin – Russia’s Inner Outskirts: The State and Society in the Development of New Territories (Late 16th – Early 20th Century)]. 328 p. Samara, Samarskoye otdelenie Litfonda.
Dubman, E′. L., Kabytov, P. S. & Tagirova, N. F. (2004). Ocherki istorii Yugo-Vostoka Evropejskoj Rossii [Essays on the History of the Southeast of European Russia]. (296 p.). Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Ermolaev, I. P. (1982). Srednee Povolzh′e vo vtoroj polovine XVI–XVII vv. (upravlenie Kazanskim kraem) [Middle Volga River Basin in the 2nd Half of the 16th – 17th Centuries (The Management of Kazan District)]. 222 p. Kazan, Kazanskij universitet.
E′tkind, A. (2013). Vnutrennyaya kolonizaciya. Imperskij opy′t Rossii [Inner Colonization. Russia’s Imperial Experience]. 448 p. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
Istoriya krest′yanstva SSSR s drevnejshih vremen do Velikoj Oktyabr′skoj soсialisticheskoj revolyuсii [The History of Peasantry in the USSR from the Antiquity till the Great October Socialist Revolution. Vol. 2: Peasantry in the Times of Early and Full-Fledged Feudalism] (in 5 vols.). (1990). 616 p. Мoscow, Nauka.
Istoriya Samarskogo Povolzh′ya s drevnejshih vremen do nashih dnej [The History of the Samara Volga River Basin from the Antiquity till Our Times]. (2000). (Bks. 1–6). Moscow, Nauka.
Kaby′tov, P. S. & Barinova, E. P. (2012). Dvoryanstvo Povolzh′ya vtoroj poloviny XIX – nachala XX v.: istoriografiya problemy′ [The Nobility of the Volga River Basin of the 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Century: A Historiography of the Issue], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 99, pp. 47–52.
Kaby′tov, P. S. & Dubman, E′. L. (1993). Srednee Povolzh′ye i problemy′ nacional′ny′h otnoshenij [The Middle Volga River Basin and the Problems of National Relations], Regionologiya, 2.
Kaby′tov, P. S., Dubman, E′. L. & Leont′eva O. B. (Eds.). (2013). «Obretenie rodiny′»: obshhestvo i vlast′ v Srednem Povolzh’e (vtoraya polovina XVI – nachalo XX v.). Ch. 1: Ocherki istorii [“Finding Motherland”: Society and Authorities in the Middle Volga River Basin (2nd Half of the 16th – Early 20th Century): Essays on History]. 360 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Kaby′tov, P. S., Dubman, E′. L. & Leont′eva O. B. (Eds.). (2014). «Obretenie rodiny′»: obshhestvo i vlast′ v Srednem Povolzh’e (vtoraya polovina XVI – nachalo XX v.). Ch. 2: Zaselenie regiona i e′tnodemograficheskaya situaciya [“Finding Motherland”: The Society and Authorities in the Middle Volga River Basin (2nd Half of the 16th – Early 20th Century): The Colonization of the Region and Its Ethnodemographic Situation]. 254 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Kaby′tova, N. N. (2012). Social′no-politicheskaya differenciaciya naseleniya Povolzh′ya v 1917 g. [The Social and Political Differentiation of the Volga River Basin Population in 1917], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 99, pp. 161–171.
Khodarkovsky, M. (2002). Russia’s Steppe Frontier. The Making of a Colonial Empire, 1500–1800. (304 p.). Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press.
Klyuchevskij, V. O. (1993). Russkaya istoriya: Polny′j kurs lekcij [Russian History: A Complete Course of Lectures, Three Books]. 572 p. Moscow, My′sl′.
Kobozeva, Z. M. (2013). Meshhanskoe soslovie g. Samary′ v prostranstve vlasti i povsednevnosti (vtoraya polovina XIX –nachalo XX v.), ili Rasskaz o «dushe s povinnostyami» [Petty Bourgeoisie of Samara in the Space of Power and Everyday Life (2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries), or A Story of “a Soul with Obligations”]. 608 p. Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Kusber, J. (2014). Cultural Transfer as a Field for the Observation of Historical Cultural Studies. The Example of The Russian Empire, Quaestio Rossica, 2, pp. 233–251.
Leonov, M. I. (2013). Vlast′ i obshhestvo Srednej Volgi i Zavolzh′ya v gody′ Dumskoj monarhii [The Authorities and Society of the Middle Volga and Trans-Volga River Basin during the Duma Monarchy Era], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 139–150.
Malinkin, E. M. (2013). Voenny′e sily′ Ponizov′ya vo vtoroj polovine 1640-h – nachale 1660-h gg. [The Military Forces of Ponizovye in the 2nd Half of the 1640s – Early 1660s], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 26–34.
Miller, A. I. (2010). Imperiya Romanovy′h i nacionalizm: Esse po metodologii istoricheskogo issledovaniya [The Romanov Empire and Nationalism: An Essay on the Methods of Historical Studies]. 320 p. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie.
Milov, L. V. (1998). Velikorusskij pahar′ i osobennosti rossijskogo istoricheskogo processa [The Ploughman of Great Russia and the Peculiarities of the Russian Historical Process]. 573 p. Мoscow, ROSSPE′N.
Poberezhnikov, I. V. (2009). Kanadskij i rossijskij frontir: obshhee i osobennoe (XVI – nachalo XX v.) [Canadian and Russian Frontiers: Common Features and Differences (16th – Early 20th Century)], Ural’skij istoricheskij vestnik, 2, 23, pp. 25–30.
Riber, A. (2000). Ustojchivy′e faktory′ rossijskoj vneshnej politiki: popy′tka interpretacii. In Amerikanskaja rusistika: Vehi istoriografii poslednih let. Sovetskij period: antologiya [Stable Factors of Russian International Policy: An Interpretation] (pp. 94–145). Samara, Samarskij universitet.
Smirnov, Yu. N. (1999). Narod i vlast′ v osvoenii Rossiiskogo Zavolzh′ya: XVIII – seredina XIX v. [People and Authorities in the Development of the Russian Trans-Volga River Basin: 18th – Mid-19th Centuries]. (Dissertation). Мoscow.
Solov′yev, S. M. (1988). Sochineniya [A Collection of Works] (in 18 bks.) (Bk. 2, 768 p.). Мoscow, My′sl′.
Stoly′pinskaya agrarnaya reforma v Samarskoj gubernii: Sbornik dokumentov i materialov [Stolypin’s Land Reform in Samara Governorate: A Collection of Documents and Materials]. (2012). 314 p. Samara.
Turner, F. J. (2009). Frontir v amerikanskoj istorii [Frontiers in American History]. (Transl. from Eng.). 304 p. Мoscow, Ves′ mir.
Tyurin, V. А. (2013). Struktura, chislennost′, social′ny′j sostav gorodskogo naseleniya
Srednego Povolzh′ya vo vtoroj polovine XIX – nachale XX v. [The Structure, Number, and
Social Makeup of the Urban Population of the Middle Volga River Basin in the 2nd Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries], Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnaya seriya, 8/2, 109, pp. 92–98.
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Как цитировать
Kabytov, P., Dubman, E., & Leontieva, O. (2015). Средняя Волга и Заволжье в процессе формирования Российской государственности: современная концепция. Quaestio Rossica, (2), 117 – 131. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2015.2.099
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Vox redactoris
