Конформизм приходской реформы К. П. Победоносцева
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2014.3.064Аннотация
Рассматривается комплекс мероприятий 1880–1890-х гг. обер-прокурора Святейшего синода К. П. Победоносцева, направленных на снижение остроты «приходского вопроса» в Российской империи. Часть этих мероприятий представляла собой ревизию приходских преобразований эпохи Великих реформ, своего рода приходскую контрреформу. В их числе были поддержанный епископатом отказ от политики укрупнения приходов, а также незавершенная попытка изменения Положения о приходских попечительствах при православных церквах 1864 г. Кроме того, в этот период была издана новая редакция Инструкции церковным (приходским) старостам и предприняты новые попытки решения вопроса материального обеспечения духовенства, прежде всего путем введения казенного жалованья. Автор солидаризуется с той точкой зрения, что К. П. Победоносцев, проводя свою «приходскую реформу», лавировал между различными общественными силами, в первую очередь между епископатом и активными земцами, стремясь сделать уступки тем и другим, не меняя ничего по существу. На основе анализа свода постановлений и законов, а также архивных материалов делается вывод о том, что его реформа не только осталась незавершенной, но и не могла в принципе активизировать жизнь прихода, а значит, и ответить на вызовы времени.Библиографические ссылки
Aivazov, I. G. (1913). Zakonodatel′stvo po cerkovny′m delam v czarstvovanie imperatora Aleksandra III [Legislation on ecclesiastical matters during the reign of Emperor Alexander III]. Moscow: Pechatnya A. I. Snegirevoj.
Alekseeva, S. I. (2006). Svyatejshij Sinod v sisteme vy′sshih i central′ny′h gosudarstvenny′h uchrezhdenij poreformennoj Rossii. 1856–1904 gg. [Holy Synod in the system of highest and central state institutions in post-reform Russia. 1856 1904 yrs.]. St. Petersburg: Nauka.
Beglov, A. L. (2014). Pravoslavny′j prihod Rossijskoj imperii kak ob″ekt fiskal′noj politiki svetskih i cerkovny′h vlastej v konce XI – nachale XX v. [Orthodox perish of the Russian empire as an object of fiscal policy of temporal and ecclesiastical authorities in the late 19th – early 20th c.]. Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svyato-Tihonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriya II “Istoriya. Russkoj Pravoslavnoj Cerkvi”, 2 (57), 56–81.
Beglov, A. L. (2014). Zemskie proekty′ pereustrojstva pravoslavnogo prihoda. 1860– 1890-e gg. [Zemsky projects of reorganization of the Orthodox perish. 1860–1890s yrs.]. Gosudarstvo, religiya, cerkov′ v Rossii i za rubezhom, 1 (32), 172–200.
Bogdanovich, A. V. (1990). Tri poslednih samoderzhcza [The three last tsars]. Moscow:Novosti.
Cerkovny′e voprosy′ v Rossii: I. Russkoe duhovnoe vedomstvo pod upravleniem statssekretarya Konstantina Petrovicha Pobedonosceva. II. Staroobryadcheskaya cerkov′. III. Cerkovno-prihodskie shkoly′ i zhalovan′e rossijskomu duhovenstvu. IV. Palestinskoe obshhestvo v Rossii i drugie voprosy′ [Church issues in Russia: I. Russian Department of religious affairs directed by State Secretary Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. II. Old Believer church. III. Parochial schools and salary of Russian clergy. IV. Palestinian society in Russia and other questions]. (1896). V. Braila: Pervaya tipo-litografiya P. M. Pestemalzhioglu.
Chizhevskij Ioann, archpriest. (Comp.). (1883). Instrukciya cerkovny′m starostam (Vy′sochajshe utverzhdennaya 17 aprelya 1808 goda) i posledovavshie s togo vremeni zakonopolozheniya,otnosyashhiesya k obyazannostyam ih [Instructions to church wardens(the highest approved on 17 April, 1808) and subsequent statutes on their responsibilities]. Kharkov.
Fedorov, V. A. (2003). Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Cerkov′ i gosudarstvo. Sinodal′ny′j period. 1700–1917 [Russian Orthodox Church and state. The Synodal period. 1700–1917]. Moscow: Russkaya panorama.
Freeze, G. L. (1983). The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform. XXXII. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ivantsov-Platonov, A. M., archpriest. (1898). O russkom cerkovnom upravlenii. Dvenadczat′ statej iz №№ 1–16 gazety′ “Rus′”1882 goda [About Russian church government. Twelve articles from the newspaper “Rus” №№ 1–16 1882 year]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. A. Porohovshhikova.
Izvestiya i zametki. Proekt polozheniya o material′nom obespechenii duhovenstva [News and notes. The project of regulations concerning material security of clergy]. (1890). Rukovodstvo dlya sel′skih pasty′rej, 41.
K. I. (1902). Chto takoe cerkovny′j starosta? Opy′t istoriko-kriticheskogo issledovaniya o proishozhdenii i razvitii instituta cerkovny′h starost v Rossii [What is a church warden? Attempt of historical-critical study on origin and development of the church warden institute in Russia]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. P. Lopuhina.
N. P. (1880). Ob otnoshenii duhovenstva k cerkovnomu hozyajstvu [On relation of clergy to church economy]. Rukovodstvo dlya sel′skih pasty′rej, 31, 313–324.O merah k uluchsheniyu material′nogo polozheniya pravoslavnogo sel′skogo duhovenstva. (Po Vy′sochajshe uchrezhdennomu Prisutstviyu po delam Pravoslavnogo duhovenstva) [About measures conditioning financial standing of the Orthodox rural clergy. (On the highest established Presence on the Orthodox clergy matters]. (1880). St. Petersburg: Sinodal′naya tipografiya.
Papkov, A. (1902). Cerkovno-obshhestvenny′e voprosy′ v e′pohu czarya-osvoboditelya [Church-public issues in the times of Tsar-liberator]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. P. Lopuhina.
Polunov, A. Yu. (1996). Pod vlast′yu ober-prokurora. Gosudarstvo i cerkov′ v e′pohu Aleksandra III [Under the reign of chief-prosecutor. State and church in the times of Alexander III]. Moscow: AIRO-XX.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. Sobranie 2. [Complete collection of laws of the Russian empire. Collection 2. Vol. 33. Dep. 2. 1858]. (1860). St. Petersburg: V tipografiiII Otdeleniya sobstvennoj E. I. V. Kancelyarii.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. Sobranie 3. [Complete collection of laws of the Russian empire. Collection 3. Vol. 10. Dep. 1. 1890]. (1893). St. Petersburg: V gosudarstvennoj tipografii.
Pravila o poryadke vy′bora predstavitelej ot prihozhan dlya proverki cerkovny′h summ, predlozhenny′e Preosvyashhenny′m Vikariem Podol′skoj eparhii Episkopom Dimitriem i utverzhdenny′e Preosvyashhennejshim Donatom Episkopom Podol′skim i Braczlavskim [Rules on the procedure for the election of representatives from the church congregation for the purpose of checking the amounts proposed by Reverend Vicar Bishop of Podolsk diocese Demetrius and approved by His Grace Bishop of Podolsk and Bratslav Donat]. (1900). In Prava i obyazannosti blagochinnogo prihodskih cerkvej (pp. 62–64). Moscow: Universitetskaya tipografiya.
RGIA. F. 796 (Kancelyariya Svyatejshego Sinoda) [Russian state historical archive. Stock 796 (Office of the Holy Synod)].
Rimskii, S. V. (1999). Rossijskaya cerkov′ v e′pohu Velikih reform: (Cerkovny′e reformy′ v Rossii 1860–1870-h godov) [Russian church in the epoch of Great reforms: (Churchreforms in Russia 1860–1870s yrs.)]. Moscow: Kruticzkoe Patriarshee Podvor′e, Obshhestvo lyubitelej cherkovnoj istorii.
Runovskii, N. (1898). Cerkovno-grazhdanskie zakonopolozheniya otnositel′no pravoslavnogo duhovenstva v czarstvovanie imperatora Aleksandra II [Church and civil statutes concerning the Orthodox clergy during the reign of Emperor Alexander II]. Kazan: Tipolitografiya Imperatorskogo Universiteta.
Samarin, D. (1868). Prihod [Parish]. (Part 2). Moscow: Tipografiya A. I. Mamontova.
Samarin, D. F. (1908). Sobranie statej, rechej i dokladov. T. 2: Stat′i o prihode. Stat′i raznogo soderzhaniya [Collection of articles, speeches and reports. Vol. 2: Articles on parish. Articles of different contents]. Moscow: Tipolitografiya T-va I. N. Kushnerev i Ko.
Smolich, I. K. (1996). Istoriya Russkoj Cherkvi. 1700–1917 [History of Russian church. 1700–1917]. (Part 1). Moscow: Izdatel′stvo Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monasty′rya.
Smolich, I. K. (1997). Istoriya Russkoj Cerkvi. 1700–1917 [History of Russian church. 1700–1917]. (Part 2). Moscow: Izdatel′stvo Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monasty′rya.
Ustav duhovny′h konsistorij [Ecclesiastical consistory statute]. (1883). St. Petersburg: Sinodal′naya tipografiya.
Znamenskij, P. V. (1873). Prihodskoe duhovenstvo v Rossii so vremen reformy′ Petra [Parish clergy in Russia since the time of Peter’s reform]. Kazan: Tipografiya Kazanskogo universiteta.
Alekseeva, S. I. (2006). Svyatejshij Sinod v sisteme vy′sshih i central′ny′h gosudarstvenny′h uchrezhdenij poreformennoj Rossii. 1856–1904 gg. [Holy Synod in the system of highest and central state institutions in post-reform Russia. 1856 1904 yrs.]. St. Petersburg: Nauka.
Beglov, A. L. (2014). Pravoslavny′j prihod Rossijskoj imperii kak ob″ekt fiskal′noj politiki svetskih i cerkovny′h vlastej v konce XI – nachale XX v. [Orthodox perish of the Russian empire as an object of fiscal policy of temporal and ecclesiastical authorities in the late 19th – early 20th c.]. Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Svyato-Tihonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriya II “Istoriya. Russkoj Pravoslavnoj Cerkvi”, 2 (57), 56–81.
Beglov, A. L. (2014). Zemskie proekty′ pereustrojstva pravoslavnogo prihoda. 1860– 1890-e gg. [Zemsky projects of reorganization of the Orthodox perish. 1860–1890s yrs.]. Gosudarstvo, religiya, cerkov′ v Rossii i za rubezhom, 1 (32), 172–200.
Bogdanovich, A. V. (1990). Tri poslednih samoderzhcza [The three last tsars]. Moscow:Novosti.
Cerkovny′e voprosy′ v Rossii: I. Russkoe duhovnoe vedomstvo pod upravleniem statssekretarya Konstantina Petrovicha Pobedonosceva. II. Staroobryadcheskaya cerkov′. III. Cerkovno-prihodskie shkoly′ i zhalovan′e rossijskomu duhovenstvu. IV. Palestinskoe obshhestvo v Rossii i drugie voprosy′ [Church issues in Russia: I. Russian Department of religious affairs directed by State Secretary Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. II. Old Believer church. III. Parochial schools and salary of Russian clergy. IV. Palestinian society in Russia and other questions]. (1896). V. Braila: Pervaya tipo-litografiya P. M. Pestemalzhioglu.
Chizhevskij Ioann, archpriest. (Comp.). (1883). Instrukciya cerkovny′m starostam (Vy′sochajshe utverzhdennaya 17 aprelya 1808 goda) i posledovavshie s togo vremeni zakonopolozheniya,otnosyashhiesya k obyazannostyam ih [Instructions to church wardens(the highest approved on 17 April, 1808) and subsequent statutes on their responsibilities]. Kharkov.
Fedorov, V. A. (2003). Russkaya Pravoslavnaya Cerkov′ i gosudarstvo. Sinodal′ny′j period. 1700–1917 [Russian Orthodox Church and state. The Synodal period. 1700–1917]. Moscow: Russkaya panorama.
Freeze, G. L. (1983). The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform. XXXII. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ivantsov-Platonov, A. M., archpriest. (1898). O russkom cerkovnom upravlenii. Dvenadczat′ statej iz №№ 1–16 gazety′ “Rus′”1882 goda [About Russian church government. Twelve articles from the newspaper “Rus” №№ 1–16 1882 year]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. A. Porohovshhikova.
Izvestiya i zametki. Proekt polozheniya o material′nom obespechenii duhovenstva [News and notes. The project of regulations concerning material security of clergy]. (1890). Rukovodstvo dlya sel′skih pasty′rej, 41.
K. I. (1902). Chto takoe cerkovny′j starosta? Opy′t istoriko-kriticheskogo issledovaniya o proishozhdenii i razvitii instituta cerkovny′h starost v Rossii [What is a church warden? Attempt of historical-critical study on origin and development of the church warden institute in Russia]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. P. Lopuhina.
N. P. (1880). Ob otnoshenii duhovenstva k cerkovnomu hozyajstvu [On relation of clergy to church economy]. Rukovodstvo dlya sel′skih pasty′rej, 31, 313–324.O merah k uluchsheniyu material′nogo polozheniya pravoslavnogo sel′skogo duhovenstva. (Po Vy′sochajshe uchrezhdennomu Prisutstviyu po delam Pravoslavnogo duhovenstva) [About measures conditioning financial standing of the Orthodox rural clergy. (On the highest established Presence on the Orthodox clergy matters]. (1880). St. Petersburg: Sinodal′naya tipografiya.
Papkov, A. (1902). Cerkovno-obshhestvenny′e voprosy′ v e′pohu czarya-osvoboditelya [Church-public issues in the times of Tsar-liberator]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya A. P. Lopuhina.
Polunov, A. Yu. (1996). Pod vlast′yu ober-prokurora. Gosudarstvo i cerkov′ v e′pohu Aleksandra III [Under the reign of chief-prosecutor. State and church in the times of Alexander III]. Moscow: AIRO-XX.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. Sobranie 2. [Complete collection of laws of the Russian empire. Collection 2. Vol. 33. Dep. 2. 1858]. (1860). St. Petersburg: V tipografiiII Otdeleniya sobstvennoj E. I. V. Kancelyarii.
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossijskoj imperii. Sobranie 3. [Complete collection of laws of the Russian empire. Collection 3. Vol. 10. Dep. 1. 1890]. (1893). St. Petersburg: V gosudarstvennoj tipografii.
Pravila o poryadke vy′bora predstavitelej ot prihozhan dlya proverki cerkovny′h summ, predlozhenny′e Preosvyashhenny′m Vikariem Podol′skoj eparhii Episkopom Dimitriem i utverzhdenny′e Preosvyashhennejshim Donatom Episkopom Podol′skim i Braczlavskim [Rules on the procedure for the election of representatives from the church congregation for the purpose of checking the amounts proposed by Reverend Vicar Bishop of Podolsk diocese Demetrius and approved by His Grace Bishop of Podolsk and Bratslav Donat]. (1900). In Prava i obyazannosti blagochinnogo prihodskih cerkvej (pp. 62–64). Moscow: Universitetskaya tipografiya.
RGIA. F. 796 (Kancelyariya Svyatejshego Sinoda) [Russian state historical archive. Stock 796 (Office of the Holy Synod)].
Rimskii, S. V. (1999). Rossijskaya cerkov′ v e′pohu Velikih reform: (Cerkovny′e reformy′ v Rossii 1860–1870-h godov) [Russian church in the epoch of Great reforms: (Churchreforms in Russia 1860–1870s yrs.)]. Moscow: Kruticzkoe Patriarshee Podvor′e, Obshhestvo lyubitelej cherkovnoj istorii.
Runovskii, N. (1898). Cerkovno-grazhdanskie zakonopolozheniya otnositel′no pravoslavnogo duhovenstva v czarstvovanie imperatora Aleksandra II [Church and civil statutes concerning the Orthodox clergy during the reign of Emperor Alexander II]. Kazan: Tipolitografiya Imperatorskogo Universiteta.
Samarin, D. (1868). Prihod [Parish]. (Part 2). Moscow: Tipografiya A. I. Mamontova.
Samarin, D. F. (1908). Sobranie statej, rechej i dokladov. T. 2: Stat′i o prihode. Stat′i raznogo soderzhaniya [Collection of articles, speeches and reports. Vol. 2: Articles on parish. Articles of different contents]. Moscow: Tipolitografiya T-va I. N. Kushnerev i Ko.
Smolich, I. K. (1996). Istoriya Russkoj Cherkvi. 1700–1917 [History of Russian church. 1700–1917]. (Part 1). Moscow: Izdatel′stvo Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monasty′rya.
Smolich, I. K. (1997). Istoriya Russkoj Cerkvi. 1700–1917 [History of Russian church. 1700–1917]. (Part 2). Moscow: Izdatel′stvo Spaso-Preobrazhenskogo Valaamskogo monasty′rya.
Ustav duhovny′h konsistorij [Ecclesiastical consistory statute]. (1883). St. Petersburg: Sinodal′naya tipografiya.
Znamenskij, P. V. (1873). Prihodskoe duhovenstvo v Rossii so vremen reformy′ Petra [Parish clergy in Russia since the time of Peter’s reform]. Kazan: Tipografiya Kazanskogo universiteta.
Загрузки
Опубликован
2023-10-16
Как цитировать
Beglov, A. L. (2023). Конформизм приходской реформы К. П. Победоносцева. Quaestio Rossica, (3), 107–123. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2014.3.064
Выпуск
Раздел
Vox redactoris
