Towards a Conceptual-Historical Critique of the Essentialist and Teleological Interpretations of Russian History. Part 1

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.812

Keywords:

Resistance to power, popular/naïve monarchism, positivist historiography, essentialism, teleology, conceptual history

Abstract

The author discusses some of the dominant assertions in the literature on Russian history. One of them is the disqualification of the myth of the benevolent tsar as “false”. This disqualification is accompanied by the formulas “naïve or popular monarchism”, which designate the “pre-scientific illusions” that would have guided the collective movements of resistance to autocracy. Given the importance of collective representations of the tsar and power in Russian history, the theoretical premises on which the above-mentioned disqualifications are based affect the general interpretation of this history, for example the conception of the Russian people as “passive”. The author proposes to abandon this positivist scaffolding and approach the sources from other theoretical perspectives, in particular conceptual history (Begriffsgeschichte), to pose a radically different question: what truth is contained in the myth of the benevolent tsar and to reconstruct, against the essentialist and teleological vision, the historicity of the collective resistance to power in Russia. The first part studies the genealogy of the expression samozvan/ets/stvo (self-appointment), its original meaning – individual initiative against divine appointment – and its functions in the autocratic political paradigm. The lack of heuristic value of the formulas of “popular, or naïve monarchism,” the logic of which is to deprive the most oppressed segments of the population of their culture and language, is emphasized.

Author Biography

Claudio Ingerflom

Dr. Hab. (History), Director of the Center for the Study of the Slavic World, National University of General San Martín; Research Director, French National Center for Scientific Research.

Av. 25 de Mayo & Francia, 1650, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

3, rue Michel-Ange, 75016, Paris, France.

ORCID 0000-0003-4162-2853

claudio.ingerflom@gmail.com

References

Akty istoricheskie, sobrannye i izdannye Arkheograficheskoi kommissiei v 5 t. [Historical Acts Collected and Published by the Archeographic Commission. 5 Vols.]. (1842). St Petersburg, Tipografiya II Otdeleniya Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii. Vol. 4. 592 p.

Akty, otnosyashchiesya k istorii Yuzhnoi i Zapadnoi Rossii, sobrannye i izdannye Arkheograficheskoi komissiei v 15 t. [Acts Relating to the History of Southern and Western Russia, Collected and Published by the Archaeographic Commission. 15 Vols.]. (1861). St Petersburg, Tipografiya P. A. Kulisha. Vol. 3. 604, 131, 22 p.

Akty, sobrannye v bibliotekakh i arkhivakh Rossiiskoi Imperii Arkheograficheskoi ekspeditsiei Imperatorskoi akademii nauk v 4 t. [Acts Collected in the Libraries and Archives of the Russian Empire by the Archaeographic Expedition of the Imperial Academy of Sciences]. (1836). St Petersburg, Tipografiya II Otdeleniya Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii. Vol. 1. 548 p.

Andreev, I. L. (1995). Samozvanstvo i samozvantsy na Rusi [Imposture and Impostors in Rus’]. In Znanie – sila. No. 8, pp. 46–56.

Andreev, I. L. (1999). Anatomiya samozvanstva [Anatomy of Imposture]. In Nauka i zhizn’. No. 10, pp. 110–117.

Antipov, V. S. (2015). Formirovanie doktriny prosveshchennogo absolyutizma [Formation of the Doctrine of Enlightened Absolutism]. In Metamorfozy istorii. No. 3, pp. 84–101.

Brunner, O. (1969). Der Historiker und die Geschichte von Verfassung und Recht. In Historische Zeitschrift. Bd. 209. H. 1. Aug., S. 1–16.

Chartier, R. (1994). Culture Populaire: Retour sur un concept historiographique. Valencia, Centro de Semiotica y Teoria del espectaculo. 19 p. (Eutopias, 2a epoca. Documents de travail. No. 52.)

Chistov, K. V. (2003). Russkaya narodnaya utopiya [Russian Folk Utopia]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. 538 p.

Dmitrievskii, A. A. (1903). K trekhsotletnemu yubileyu Astrakhanskoi eparkhii (Zhitie Feodosiya Astrakhanskogo) [On the 300th Anniversary of the Astrakhan Diocese (Life of Theodosius of Astrakhan)]. In Trudy Kievskoi dukhovnoi akademii. Vol. 2, pp. 145–171.

Donskikh, O. A. (2017). Sibir’ – problema formirovaniya tselostnosti megaregiona [Siberia – the Problem of Forming the Integrity of the Mega-Region]. In Idei i idealy. Vol. 1. No. 1 (31), pp. 118–127. DOI 10.17212/2075-0862-2017-1.1-118-127.

Dopolneniya k Aktam istoricheskim, sobrannye i izdannye Arkheograficheskoi komissiei v 12 t. [Additions to the Historical Acts, Collected and Published by the Archeographic Commission. 12 Vols.]. (1846). St Petersburg, Tipografiya II Otdeleniya Sobstvennoi Ego Imperatorskogo Velichestva kantselyarii. Vol. 1. III, 400, 18, 14 p.

Fabiani, J. L. (2003). Peut-on encore parler de légitimité culturelle? In Donnat, O., Tolila, P. (Eds.). Le(s) public(s) de la culture. Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, pp. 305–317.

Field, D. (1976). Rebels in the Name of the Tsar. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. 220 p.

Field, D. (2002). Razmyshleniya o naivnom monarkhizme v Rossii ot epokhi Pugacheva do revolyutsii 1905 g. [Reflections on naïve Monarchism in Russia from the Era of Pugachev to the Revolution of 1905]. In Borodkin, L. I. (Ed.). Ekonomicheskaya istoriya. Obozrenie. Iss. 8. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo MGU, pp. 110–115.

Foucault, M. (1994). Dits et Écrits. 4 Vols. Paris, Gallimard. Vol. 4 912 p.

Gadamer, H. G. (1993). Die Vielfalt der Sprachen und das Verstehen der Welt. Ein Studiumgenerale-Vortrag. In Gadamer, H. G. Gesammelte Werke. 10 Bände. Tubingen, Mohr. Bd. 8. Ästhetik und Poetik, I, Kunst als Aussage, S. 339–349.

Gnevushev, A. M. (Ed.). (1914). Akty vremeni pravleniya tsarya Vasiliya Shuiskogo (1606 g. 19 maya – 17 iyulya 1610 g.) [Acts of the Reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky (1606 May 19 – July 17, 1610)]. Moscow, Tipografiya G. Lissnera i D. Sobko. XVIII, 421 p.

Gur’yanova, N. S. (1999). Monarkh i obshchestvo: k voprosu o narodnom variante monarkhizma [Monarch and Society: On the Issue of the Popular Version of Monarchism]. In Yukhimenko, E. M. (Ed.). Staroobryadchestvo v Rossii (XVII–XX vv.). Moscow, Yazyki russkoi kul’tury, pp. 126–149.

Ilieva, I. I. (1984). Vladetel’skii titul moskovskikh velikikh knyazei (s serediny XV do pervoi chetverti XVI v.) [Possessory Title of Moscow Grand Dukes (from the Middle of the 15th to the First Quarter of the 16th Centuries)]. In Bulgarian Historical Review. No. 2, pp. 75–87.

Ingerflom, C. (1991). Samozvanstvo i kollektivnye predstavleniya o vlasti v russkoi istorii (XVII–XX vv.) [Imposture and Collective Ideas about Power in Russian History (17th–20th Centuries)]. In Murav’ev, V. A. (Ed.). Realizm istoricheskogo myshleniya: chteniya, posvyashchennye pamyati A. L. Stanislavskogo, Moskva, 27 yanvarya – 1 fevralya 1991 g. Moscow, Moskovskii istoriko-arkhivnyi institute, pp. 99–100.

Ingerflom, C. (1992). Les représentations collectives du pouvoir et l’‘imposture’ en Russie, XVIIIe – XXe siècles. In // Boureau, A., Ingerflom, C. (Eds.). La Royauté Sacrée dans le Monde Chrétien, Communications au Colloque de Royaumont, mars 1989. Paris, Ed. de l’E.H.E.S.S., pp. 157–164.

Ingerflom, C. (1996). Entre le mythe et la parole : l’action. La naissance de la conception politique du pouvoir en Russie. In Annales, Histoire, Sciences sociales. T. 4, pp. 733–757.

Ingerflom, C. (2000). Chacun peut devenir Tsar: religiosité et politique dans la Russie moderne et contemporaine. In Politica Hermetica. T. 14, pp. 103–112.

Ingerflom, C. (2003). Mezhdu mifosom i logosom: deistvie. Rozhdenie politicheskoi reprezentatsii vlasti v Rossii [Between Mythos and Logos: Action. The Birth of the Political Representation of Power in Russia]. In Chubar’yan, A. O. (Ed.). Homo Historicus. K 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Yu. L. Bessmertnogo v 2 kn. Moscow, Nauka. Book 2, pp. 65–96.

Ingerflom, C. (2013). How Old Magic Does the Trick for Modern Politics. In Russian History. Vol. 40. No. 3/4, pp. 428–450.

Ingerflom, C. (2015). Le Tsar c’est moi. Paris, Puf. 520 p.

Ingerflom, C. (2020). Az esm’ tsar’. Istoriya samozvanstva v Rossii [I am the Tsar. The History of Imposture in Russia]. Moscow, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. 448 p.

Insarov, M. (2006). Narodnaya volya [Narodnaya Volya]. In Samizdat [website]. URL: http://samlib.ru/m/magid_m_n/narodwill.shtml (accessed: 23.08.2021).

Kantorowicz, E. (1957). The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology. Princeton, Princeton Univ. Press. XVI, 568 p.

Karapetyan, L. A. (2012). Konstitutsionalizm rossiiskikh liberal’nykh partii v kontekste politiko-pravovoi kul’tury na rubezhe XIX–XX vv. [Constitutionalism of Russian Liberal Parties in the Context of Political and Legal Culture at the Turn of the 20th Century]. Moscow, RAP. 378 p.

Kedrov, N. G. (2010). Stalinizm i krest’yanstvo: sotsiologicheskii aspekt [Stalinism and the Peasantry: A Sociological Aspect]. In Rossiya i sovremennyi mir. No. 2 (67), pp. 124–137.

Kivelson, V. (1996). Autocracy in the Provinces. The Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century. Stanford, Stanford Univ. Press. 396 p.

Klibanov, A. I. (1996). Dukhovnaya kul’tura srednevekovoi Rusi [Spiritual Culture of Medieval Rus’]. Moscow, Aspekt Press. 368 p.

Klyuchevskii, V. O. (2004). Russkaya istoriya. Polnyi kurs lektsii [Russian History. Full Course of Lectures]. Moscow, Olma Press. 830 p.

Kniga Stepennaya tsarskogo rodosloviya [The Book of the Degree of Royal Genealogy]. (1908–1913). In Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei v 15 t. 2nd Ed. St Petersburg, Tipografiya M. A. Aleksandrova. Vol. 21. Half 1. 350 p. Half 2. 370 p.

Kogan, A. N. (1943). Rasprostranenie samozvanstva v russkoi derevne v period Pugachevskogo vosstaniya [Spread of Imposture in the Russian Village during the Pugachev Uprising]. In Uchenye zapiski Kuibyshevskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo i uchitel’skogo instituta. Iss. 7, pp. 217–225.

Konovalova, N. A. (2008) Ocherednoe ponyatie, okazavsheesya “neudobnym”, Ili pochemu krest’yanskii monarkhizm stal “naivnym” [Another Concept That Turned out to Be “Inconvenient”, Or Why Peasant Monarchism Became “naïve”]. In Istoricheskii ezhegodnik (Omsk). Iss. 2. Istoriografiya. Istochnikovedenie. Metody istoricheskogo issledovaniya, pp. 13–19.

Konovalova, N. A. (2010–2011). Naivnyi monarkhizm: nauchnaya sud’ba odnogo istoriograficheskogo termina [naïve Monarchism: The Scholarly Fate of One Historiographical Term]. In Eidos. Al’manakh teorії ta іstorії іstorichnoї nauki. Kiїv, Іnstitut іstorії Ukraїni. Iss. 5, pp. 430–438.

Korobkov, Yu. D., Korolev, N. S. (2018). Mental’nye osnovy sotsial’no-politicheskogo razvitiya sovremennogo rossiiskogo obshchestva [Mental Foundations of the Socio-Political Development of Modern Russian Society]. In Gumanitarno-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya. Vol. 2. No. 3, pp. 43–52.

Korolenko, V. G. (1914). Sovremennaya samozvanshchina [Modern Imposture]. In Korolenko, V. G. Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 9 t. St Petersburg, Izd. A. F. Marksa. Vol. 3, pp. 271–368.

Koselleck, R. (1972). Uber die Theoriebedurftigkeit der Geschichtswissenschaft. In Conze, W. (Ed.). Theorie der Geschichtswissenschaft und Praxis des Geschichtsunterrichts. Stuttgart, Klett, S. 10–28.

Koselleck, R. (1987). Hermeneutik und Historik. Heidelberg, C. Winter Universitätsverlag. 36 S.

Koselleck, R. (2000). Über de Theoriebedürftigkeit der Geschichtswissenschaft. In Koselleck, R. Zeitschichten. Studien zur Historik. Frankfurt an Main, Suhrkamp, S. 298–316.

Koselleck, R. (2004). Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time / transl. and introd. by K. Tribe. N. Y., Columbia Univ. Press. XX, 317 p.

Koselleck, R. (2006). Begriffsgeschichten. Studien zur Semantik und Pragmatik des politischen und sozialen Sprache. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp. 569 S.

Koselleck, R. (2011). Introduction (Einleitung) to the Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe / transl. by M. Richter. In Contributions to the History of Concepts. Vol. 6. No. 1, pp. 31–54.

Koselleck, R. (2018). Sediments of Time. On Possible Histories / transl. by S.-L. Hoffmann and S. Franzel. Stanford, Stanford Univ. Press. 344 p.

Lenin, V. I. (1973). Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v 55 t. [Complete Works. 55 Vols.]. 5th Ed. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo politicheskoi literatury. Vol. 16. 697 p.

Lloyd, G. E. R. (1990). Demystifying Mentalities. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. VIII, 174 p.

Lovejoy, A. O. (1940). Reflections on the History of Ideas. In Journal of the History of Ideas. Vol. 1, pp. 3–23.

Lovejoy, A. O. (1953). The Great Chain of Being. 2nd Ed. Harvard, Harvard Univ. Press. 400 p.

Lukin, P. V. (2000). Narodnye predstavleniya o gosudarstvennoi vlasti v Rossii XVII veka [Popular Ideas about State Power in Russia in the 17th Century]. Moscow, Nauka. 292 p.

Malyantovich, P. N., Murav’ev, N. K. (1910). Zakony o politicheskikh i obshchestvennykh prestupleniyakh. Prakticheskii kommentarii [Laws on Political and Social Crimes. Practical Comment] / ed. by N. N. Polyanskii, A. Yu. Rapoport, I. S. Uryson. St Petersburg, Pravo. 862 p.

Mamonova, N. (2016). Naive Monarchism and Rural Resistance in Contemporary Russia. In Rural Sociology. Vol. 81. No. 3, pp. 316–342. DOI 10.1111/RUSO.12097.

Maul’, V. (2017). “Chigirinskii zagovor” i krest’yanskaya psikhologiya [The Chigirin Conspiracy and Peasant Psychology]. In Quaestio Rossica. Vol. 5. No. 1, pp. 221–240. DOI 10.15826/qr.2017.1.220.

Maul’, V. (2017). Russkii bunt kak aktual’naya problema sovremennoi gumanitaristiki: istochniki, metody i perspektivy izucheniya [Russian Rebellion as a Relevant Problem of Modern Humanities: Sources, Methods and Perspectives of Study]. In Istoriya: fakty i simvoly. No. 3 (12). S. 28–34.

Mironov, B. N. (2003). Sotsial’naya istoriya Rossii perioda imperii (XVIII – nachalo XX v.). Genezis lichnosti, demokraticheskoi sem’i, grazhdanskogo obshchestva i pravovogo gosudarstva v 2 t. [Social History of Russia in the Period of the Empire (18th – Early 20th Century). Genesis of Personality, Democratic Family, Civil Society and the Rule of Law. 2 Vols.]. St Petersburg, Dmitrii Bulanin. Vol. 2. 582 p.

Moskovskii letopisnyi svod kontsa XV veka [Moscow Chronicle of the End of the 15th Century]. (1949). Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 464 p. (Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei. Vol. 25.)

Nietzsche, F. (2006). On the Genealogy of Morality / ed. by K. Ansell-Pearson, transl. by C. Diethe. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. XL, 195 p.

Obukhova, Yu. A. (2016). Fenomen monarkhicheskikh samozvantsev v kontekste rossiiskoi istorii (po materialam XVIII stoletiya) [The Phenomenon of Monarchist Impostors in the Context of Russian History (Based on the Materials of the 18th Century)]. Tyumen’, Tyumenskii industrial’nyi universitet. 200 p.

Oleinikov, A. (2021). Radikal’nyi istorizm na russkoi pochve [Radical Historicism on Russian Soil]. In Morozova, A, Yu., Suslov, A. Yu. (Eds.). Zhit’ istoriei i dumat’ o budushchem. Sbornik statei i materialov k 60-letiyu K. N. Morozova. Moscow, S. n., pp. 145–155.

Pamyatniki literatury Drevnei Rusi. Vtoraya polovina XV veka [Literary Works of Ancient Rus’. Second Half of the 15th Century]. (1982). Moscow, Khudozhestvennaya literatura. 688 p.

Pasquier, D. (2005). La « culture populaire » à l’épreuve des débats sociologiques. In Hermès. No. 42, pp. 60–69.

Perepiska Ivana Groznogo s Andreem Kurbskim [Correspondence between Ivan the Terrible and Andrei Kurbsky]. (1981). Moscow, Nauka, 1981. 631 p.

Perrie, M. (1987). The Image of Ivan the Terrible in Russian Folklore. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. 280 p.

Perrie, M. (1995). Pretenders and Popular Monarchism in Early Modern Russia. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. XVII, 269 p.

Perrie, M. (1999). Popular Monarchism: The Myth of the Ruler from Ivan the Terrible to Stalin. In Hosking, G., Service, R. (Eds.). Reinterpreting Russia. L., N. Y., Arnold, pp. 156–169.

Perrie, M. (2006). Introduction, The Time of Troubles, Popular Revolts. In The Cambridge History of Russia. 3 Vols. Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press. Vol. 1. XXII, 777 p.

Perrie, M. (2014). Uspenskii and Zhivov on Tsar, God, and Pretenders. In Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Vol. 15. No. 1, pp. 133–149.

Perrie, M. (2019). Samozvanstvo and the Legitimation of Power in Russian Political Culture. In Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History. Vol. 20. No. 4, pp. 855–864. DOI 10.1353/kri.2019.0060.

Pikhoya, R. G. (2016). Zapiski arkheografa [Notes of an Archeographer]. Moscow, Universitet Dmitriya Pozharskogo. 475 p.

Pokrovskii, N. N. (1989). Tomsk, 1648–1649 [Tomsk, 1648–1649]. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 385 p.

Poslaniya Ivana Groznogo [Letters of Ivan the Terrible]. (1951). Moscow, Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 716 p.

Ritenbaugh, J. W. (N. d.). The Sovereignty of God: Part Seven. In BiblicalJesus.org [website]. URL: http://www.biblicaljesus.org/index.cfm/fuseaction/library.sr/CT/PERSONAL/k/100/The-Sovereignty-of-God-Part-Seven.htm (accessed: 07.11.2019).

RNB [National Library of Russia]. Sobr. Pogodina. No. 744.

Savel’eva, M. Yu. (2017). Fenomen samozvanchestva i osobennosti narodnogo vospriyatiya vlasti v Rossii XVII–XVIII vv. [The Phenomenon of Imposture and Peculiarities of People’s Perception of Power in Russia in the 17th–18th Centuries]. In Szvák, G. (Ed.). Russian studies in History in the 21th Century. Budapest, Russica Pannonicana, pp. 140–147.

Sivkov, K. V. (1950). Samozvanchestvo v Rossii v poslednei treti XVIII v. [Imposture in Russia in the Last Third of the 18th Century]. In Istoricheskie zapiski. Vol. 31, pp. 88–135.

Skazanie Avraamiya Palitsyna [The Story of Avraamy Palitsyn]. (1955). Moscow, Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo Akademii nauk SSSR. 344 p.

Skinner, Q. (1969) Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas. In History and Theory. Vol. 8. No. 1, pp. 3–53.

Sobranie gosudarstvennykh gramot i dogovorov, khranyashchikhsya v Gosudarstvennoi kollegii inostrannykh del v 5 ch. [Collection of State Letters and Treaties Stored in the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. 5 Parts]. (1828). Moscow, Tipografiya N. S. Vsevolozhskogo. Part 4. 161 p.

Sofiiskaya pervaya letopis’. Vyp. 1 [Sofia First Chronicle. Iss. 1]. (1925). In Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei v 15 t. 2nd Ed. Leningrad, Izdatel’stvo RAN, 1925. 240 p.

Szvák, G., Liseitsev, D. V. (Eds.). (2011). Delo T. Ankudinova. Evropeiskii avantyurist iz Moskovii [The Case of T. Ankudinov. European Adventurer from Muscovy]. Budapesht, Russica Pannonicana. 166, 148 p.

Terekhova, S. A. (2016). Revolyutsionery-narodniki i ideya «narodnogo monarkhizma»: na primere “Chigirinskogo zagovora” [Populist Revolutionaries and the Idea of “People’s Monarchism”: On the Example of the “Chigirinsky Conspiracy”]. Diss. … kand. ist. nauk. Surgut, S. n. 276 p.

Timofeev, D. V. (2015). Varianty resheniya krepostnogo voprosa v Rossii pervoi chetverti XIX v.: opyt sravnitel’nogo analiza “Nedozvolennykh rechei”, proshenii i dvoryanskikh proektov [Options for Resolving the Serf Issue in Russia in the First Quarter of the 19th Century: An Experience of Comparative Analysis of “Unlawful Speeches”, Petitions and Noble Projects]. In Peterburgskii istoricheskii zhurnal. No. 4, pp. 34–46.

Timofeev, I. (2004). Vremennik [Vremennik]. St Petersburg, Nauka. 427 p.

Uspenskii, B. A. (1982). Tsar’ i samozvanets. Samozvanchestvo v Rossii kak kul’turnoistoricheskii fenomen [Tsar and Impostor. Imposture in Russia as a Cultural and Historical Phenomenon]. In Karpushin, V. A. (Ed.). Khudozhestvennyi yazyk srednevekov’ya. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 201–235.

Wittgenstein, L. (2018). Remarks on Frazer’s The Golden Bough. In Wittgenstein, L. The Mythology in Our Language / trans. by S. Palmié, with a pref. by G. da Col. Chicago, Hau Books, pp. 29–73.

Yagich, I. V. (1886). Sluzhebnye minei za sentyabr’, oktyabr’ i noyabr’ [Service Menaion for September, October and November]. St Petersburg, Tipografiya Imperatorskoi akademii nauk. CXXXVI, 244, 609 p.

Yurganov, A. L. (1998). Kategorii russkoi srednevekovoi kul’tury [Categories of Russian Medieval Culture]. Moscow, MIROS. 447 p.

Zemon Davis, N. (1997). From Prodigious to Heinous: Simon Goulart and the Reframing of Imposture. In Burguière, A. et al. (Eds.). L’Histoire grande ouverte. Paris, Fayard, pp. 274–283.

Zhivov, V. M. (2002). Razyskaniya v oblasti istorii i predystorii russkoi kul’tury [Research in the Field of History and Prehistory of Russian Culture]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoi kul’tury. 758 p.

Published

2023-06-28

How to Cite

Ingerflom, C. (2023). Towards a Conceptual-Historical Critique of the Essentialist and Teleological Interpretations of Russian History. Part 1. Quaestio Rossica, 11(2), 677–702. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2023.2.812

Issue

Section

Conceptus et conceptio