Urban occupations in a siberian city (Tobolsk, 1897)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.210Abstract
The article studies the late 19th-century occupational structure of Tobolsk in the context of other major Siberian cities. Many urban centres were strongholds for governing this huge territory, and Tobolsk was a typical provincial capital in this regard. In the most economically developed Western and Southern Siberian provinces, cities were not only administrative hubs, but also cultural and economic centres. The authors look at how urban populations were distributed among different occupational groups and social classes, and what role gender and family relations played in terms of employment. This is important, as it may help understand whether Russia’s huge eastern provinces were ready for the transformations which started just two decades after the period whence the main source material of the article originates. The research is based on the first general census of the Russian Empire in 1897. The archives have not preserved primary census manuscripts as a unified collection: so far, only scattered manuscripts have emerged. Clearly, the use of the individual-level nominative census data found for Tobolsk considerably broadens the scope of the research, which was previously limited to aggregate data. The aggregate data provide an opportunity to characterise employment in Siberian cities more generally, demonstrating the occupational specificity of the ‘military’ and ‘agrarian’ cities as well as the provincial centres of Western and Eastern Siberia. The authors more closely analyse the nominative 1897 census data using the database ‘Tobolsk Population in 1897’, which contains information about 92.5 % of employed citizens. The individual-level data made it possible to reconstruct the age and gender structure of the economically active population of the provincial centre, to study the occupations of different estate groups, to look into specific features of secondary occupations, and to see the family’s influence on the choice of occupation. All the employment data on the Siberian urban population were coded according to the HISCO standard.
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Eliseeva, I. I. & Popova, I. N. (2013). Nachalo mezhdunarodnogo priznaniya rossiyjskoyj gosudarstvennoyj statistiki: Voprosih statistiki [Getting International Recognition of Russia’s State Statistics: Statistical Issues]. N 8. pp. 80–85. Gosudarstvennihyj arkhiv v g. Toboljske [ The State Archives in Tobolsk]. Stock 417. List 2. Dossier 1–8.
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Kaufman, A. A. (1900). Pereselenie krestjyan v Rossii: Ehnciklopedicheskiyj slovarj Brokgauza i Efrona [Migration of Peasants in Russia: The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary]. Vol. XXIII, pp. 265–282. St Petersburg. The typolithography of I. A. Efron.
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Lieven, D. (ed.) (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia. Vol. 2. Imperial Russia,
1689–1917. 806 p. Cambridge Univ. Press. Litvak, K. B. (1990). Perepisj naseleniya 1897 goda o krestjyanstve Rossii: istochnikovedcheskiyj aspekt: Istoriya SSSR [The Population Census of 1897 on the Peasantry in Russia: History of the USSR. N 1. pp. 114–126.
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Naselenie Toboljska v 1897 g. : [baza dannykh] [Database “Tobolsk Population in 1897] / Head of the project V. N. Vladimirov. Registration Certificate 2008620393, 16.01.2009].
Naumov, I. V. (2006). The History of Siberia. Ed. by D. N. Collins. 256 p. L., Routledge.
Patkanov, S. K. (1912). Statisticheskie dannihe, pokazihvayuthie plemennoyj sostav naseleniya Sibiri, yazihk i rodih inorodcev (na osnovanii dannihkh specialjnoyj razrabotki materiala perepisi 1897 g.) [Statistics Showing the Tribal Composition of the Population of Siberia, Language and Ethnicity of Natives (On the Basis of a Special Development of the 1897 Census Data)]. Vol. 1. 185 p. Saint Petersburg. The printing-house “Shc. Bussel”.
Professii i zanyatiya naseleniya Rossiyjskoyj imperii konca XIX – nachala XX vekov (po materialam vserossiyjskoyj perepisi naseleniya 1897 goda [Russian Empire Occupations in the Late 19th Early 20th Centuries (Based on the First All-Russia 1897 Population Census] / Head of the project E. N. Bryukhanova. URL: http://hcod.asu.ru (mode of access: 16.02.2017).
Professii i zanyatiya naseleniya Rossiyjskoyj imperii konca XIX – nachala XX veka : Analiz dannihkh Pervoyj vserossiyjskoyj perepisi naseleniya 1897 goda [Russian Empire Occupations in the Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries : Analysis of the First All-Russia 1897 Population Census]. URL: http://hcod.asu.ru/ (mode of access: 16.02.2017).
Rowney, D. K. & Stockwell, E. G. (1978). The Russian Census of 1897: Some Observations on the Age Data. In Slavic Rev., Vol. 37. № 1, pp. 217–227.
Semenov, V. P. (1907). Rossiya: polnoe geograficheskoe opisanie nashego otechestva: nastoljnaya i dorozhnaya kniga dlya russkikh lyudeyj. T.11: Zapadnaya Sibirj [Russia: A Complete Geographical Description of Our Motherland: Reference and Road Book for Russian People. V.11: Western Siberia]. 591 p. St Petersburg. Izdanie A. F. Devriena.
Shilovsky, M. V. (2007). Rolj gosudarstva v razvitii proizvoditeljnihkh sil Sibiri vo vtoroyj polovine XIX – nachale ХХ veka: k postanovke problemih. In Shilovsky, M. V. (ed.) Rolj gosudarstva v khozyayjstvennom i sociokuljturnom osvoenii Aziatskoyj Rossii XVII – nachala ХХ veka [The Role of the State in the Development of Production in Siberia from the Second Half of the 19th Century to the Early 20th Century: Establishment of the Problematic: Shilovsky,
M. V. (ed.) The Role of the State in the Economic and Sociocultural Development of Asian Russia from the 17th Century to the Early 20th Century]. Novosibirsk, RIPAL, pp. 5–15.
Skubnevsky, V. A. & Goncharov, Yu. M. (2003) Goroda Zapadnoyj Sibiri vo vtoroyj polovine XIX – nachale XX v. Ch. 1. Naselenie. Ehkonomika [Western Siberian Cities in the Second Half of the 19th– Early 20th Centuries. Part I: Population. Economy]. 360 p. Barnaul. Altai State University publishing house.
Sliosberg, H. B. (1895). Katorga, katorzhnihe rabotih : Ehnciklopedicheskiyj slovarj Brokgauza i Efrona [Penal Colony, Hard Labour: The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary]. Vol. XIVa. pp. 756–759. St Petersburg, Typolithography I. A. Efrona.
Spitzer, Y. (2012). Occupations of Jews in the Pale of Settlement. URL: http://yannayspitzer.net/2012/09/30/jewish-occupations-in-the-pale-of-settlement/ (mode of access: 28.04.2016).
Thorvaldsen, G. (2006). Away on Census Day : Enumerating the Temporarily Present or Absent. In Historical Methods, Vol. 39 (2), pp. 82–96.
Thorvaldsen, G. (2008). Swedes in Siberian Diaspora. In Sibirica : Interdisciplinary J. of Siberian Studies, Vol. 7 (2), pp. 47–66. ISSN 1361–7362.
Troynicky, N. A. (ed.) (1904–1905a). Pervaya Vseobthaya perepisj naseleniya Rossiyjskoyj imperii 1897 g. [The First General Census of the Russian Empire]. Vols. LXXII, LXXIII (quire 2), LXXIV, LXXV, LXXVI (quire 3), LXXVII (quire 2), LXXVIII, LXXXIX, LXXX. St Petersburg. The Central Statistical Committee publication of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Troynicky, N. A. (ed.) (1905b). Goroda i poseleniya v uezdakh, imeyuthikh 2000 i bole zhiteleyj [Cities and Settlements in Uyezds with a Population of 2,000 People and over]. St Petersburg. Parovaya tipolitographiya N. L. Nihrkina.
Troynicky, N. A. (ed.) (1905с). Obthiyj svod po Imperii rezuljtatov razrabotki, dannihkh pervoyj vseobtheyj perepisi naseleniya, proizvedennoyj 28 yanvarya 1897 goda Vol. 2 [The Total Results of the First General Census of the Russian Empire, Produced on Jan. 28, 1897]. St Petersburg, Parovaya tipolitographiya N. L. Nihrkina.
Uchrezhdenie Sibirskoe (1892): Svod zakonov Rossiyjskoyj Imperii. (1912). [Uchrezhdeniye Sibirskoe (1892): The Law Code of the Russian Empire]. Vol. 2. Saint Petersburg. Bookshop publ. “Zakonovedenie”. Pp. 471–472.
Vladimirov V. N., Sarafanov D. E., Shchetinina A. S. (2016). “Novaya istoricheskaya demografiya” v Rossii: ehvolyuciya ili skachok v razvitii? [“New Historical Demography” in Russia: Evolution or a Leap in Development?]. In Izvestiya Ural′skogo universiteta. Seriya 2. Gumanitranihe nauki [Izvestia Ural Federal University J. Ser. 2. Humanities and Arts]. Vol. 18, № 3 (154). Pр. 29–54.
Yadrincev, N. M. (1892). Sibirj kak koloniya v geograficheskom, ehtnograficheskom i istoricheskom otnoshenii [Siberia as a Colony in Geographical, Ethnographical, and Historical Respects]. 720 p. St Petersburg, Publ. house of I. M. Sibiryakov.
Zinovyev V. P. (1999) Sibirj v ehkonomike Rossii XVIII – nachala ХХ v.: Sibirj v sostave Rossii XIX – nachala ХХ v. [Siberia in Russia’s Economy in the 18th Century –Early 20th Centuries: Siberia as a Russian Territory in the 19th – Early 20th Centuries]. Tomsk, The publ. house of Tomsk Univ., pp. 9–40.
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2017-04-12
How to Cite
Bryukhanova, E., & Vladimirov, V. (2017). Urban occupations in a siberian city (Tobolsk, 1897). Quaestio Rossica, 5(1), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2017.1.210
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Problema voluminis
