Orthodox Education in the Baltic provinces of Imperial Russia and independent Estonia from 1840s till 1941
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2014.3.066Abstract
The article is dedicated to the educational activities of the Orthodox church in the Baltic provinces, focusing on the Estonian Orthodoxy. The network of elementary schools, the ecclesiastical seminary and the teaching of Orthodox religion in the secondary schools were the typical forms of Orthodox education before 1917. Despite the break-up of the Russian Empire and the nationalisation of education in Estonia, the Orthodox Church had continued its educational activities. In interwar Estonia this education had bifurcated: the Russian Orthodox had actively engaged with children and youth through the civil society organisations, while the Estonian Orthodox primarily focused on the education of the clergy.References
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Werth, P. (2002). At the Margins of Orthodoxy: Mission, Governance and Confessional Politics in Volga-Kama region, 1827–1905. Cornell University Press.
Õigeusu koolide kohta. Haridusministeeriumi seletus 27.12.1918. (1919). Kasvatus, 1
Avalikkude algkoolide seaduse eelnõu. (1919). Kasvatus, 1, 6–16.
Coleman, H. (2014). Orthodox Christianity in Imperial Russia. A Source book on Lived Religion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Dixon, S. (1993). Church, State and Society in Late Imperial Russia: the Diocese of St. Petersburg, 1880–1914. PhD diss. London: University of London.
Dixon, S. (2004). Sergii (Stragorodskii) in the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Finland: Apostasy and Mixed Marriages, 1905–1917. The Slavonic and East European Review, 82, 1, 50–73.
Dolbilov, M. (2010). Russkij kraj, chuzhaya vera: e′tnokonfessional′naya politika imperiiv Litve i Belorussii pri Aleksandre II. [Russian region, foreign faith: ethnoconfessional Imperial policy in Lithuania and Bielorussia]. Moscow: NLO.
Eesti Ajaloo Arhiiv. F. 384, 1655, 2100.
Eesti Ajutise Valitsuse määrused koolide kohta. (1919). Kasvatus, 2.
Ernits, E. (1973). Õigeusu koolid 1840. aastatest 1880. aastate koolireformideni. Nõukogude kool, 10, 847–854.
Freeze, G. (1983). The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Freeze, G. (1985). Handmaiden of the State? The Church in Imperial Russia Reconsidered.Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36, 1, 82–102.
Gavrilin, A. (1999). Ocherki istorii Rizhskoj eparhii (19 vek) [Essays on the history ofRiga diocese] Riga: Filokaliya.
Gan′zhin, S. (2002). Uroki mudrosti [Lessons of wisdom]. Zhurnal Moskovskoi Patriarkhii,6. Retrieved from http://www.srcc.msu.su/bib_roc/jmp/02/06-02/12.htm.
Geraci, R. P. (2001). Window on the East. National and Imperial Identities in Late Tsarist Russia. Cornell University Press.
Haava, U. (2013). Kristliku poliitika õnnelik aasta. Kirik ja Teoloogia, 94.
Kenworthy, S. (2010). The Heart of Russia: Trinity-Sergius, Monasticism and Society after 1825. New York: Oxford University Press.
Infant′ev, B. (2011). Nepriyazni i konflikty′ mezhdu russkimi i laty′shskimi pravoslavny′mi seminaristami v 80–90e gg. Po romanu Pavila Gruzny′ “Bursaki” [Tensions and conflicts between the Russian and Latvian Orthodox seminarists in 1880–90s. According to the novel of pavil Gruzna “Bursaki”]. Russkij mir i Latviya, 27, 160–163.
Isakov, S. G. (1974). Russkij yazy′k i literatura v uchebnyh zavedeniyah E′stonii XVII–XIX stoletij [Russian language in the teaching establishments in Estonia 17th – 19th cc]. (Iss. 2.). Tartu.
Kizenko, N. (2000). A Prodigal Saint: Father John of Kronstadt and the Russian People.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Kõrvalistest ametitest. (1919). Kasvatus, 2.
Laar, A. (1932). Meie kõige hädalisem vajadus. Uus Elu, 4/5, 7–8.
Manchester, L. (2008). Holy Fathers, Secular Sons: Clergy, Intelligentsia and the Modern Self in Revolutionary Russia. DeKalb: The Northern Illinois University Press.
Otchet o sostoyanii pravoslavny′h narodny′h uchilishh Pribaltijskih gubernij za 1904–1905 uchebny′j god [Report on the conditions of the Orthodox elementary schools of the Baltic provinces for 1904–1905 school year]. (1906). Rizhskie eparhial′ny′e vedomosti. (Supplement to 11–12).
Prilozhenie k № 3 cirkuliarov po Rizhskomu uchebnomu okrugu za 1903 g. [Addition to the no. 3 of the circulars of riga educational district]. (1903). Riga.
Plyuhanov, B. V. (1993). RSHD v Latvii i E′stonii: Materialy′ k istorii Russkogo Hristianskogo Studencheskogo Dvizheniya [RSCM in Latvia and Estonia: Materials to the history of Russian Student Christian Movement]. [Paris]: YMCA-Press.
Raudsepp, A. (1998). Riia Vaimulik Seminar, 1846–1918. Tartu.
Sbornik rasporyazhenij po rizhskomu uchebnomu okrugu [The volume of the decrees for Riga educational District]. (1913). Riga.
Shevzov, V. (2004). Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shuvalova, E. (2000). Nachalo deyatel′nosti Russkogo Studencheskogo Hristianskogo Dvizheniya v E′stonii [Beginning of the activity of the Russian Student Christian Movement in Estonia]. In V. Boikov (Ed), Russkie v E′stonii na poroge XXI v. Proshloe, Nastoyashhee, budushhee. Tallinn.
Skinner, B. (2009). The Western Front of the Eastern Church. Uniate and Orthodox conflict in 18th-century Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. DeKalb: The Northern Illinois University Press.
Staljunas, D. (2007). Making Russians: Meaning and practice of Russification in Lithuania and Belarus after 1863. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi.
Valk, P. (1997). Ühest heledast laigust Eesti kooli ajaloos. Tallinn: Logos.
Vtoroj pasty′rskij s′′ezd narvskoj eparhii v g. Narve 10–11.09.1939 [The second pastoral congress of Narva diocese in Narva]. (1939). Pravoslavny′i sobesednik, 9, 126.
Wagner, W. (2006). The Transformation of Female Orthodox Monasticism in Nizhnii Novgorod Diocese, 1764–1929, in Comparative Perspective. Journal of Modern History, 78, 12, 793–845.
Werth, P. (2000). The limits of Religious ascription: Baptized Tatars and the Revision of “Apostacy”: 1840s – 1905. The Russian Review, 59, 4, 493–511.
Werth, P. (2002). At the Margins of Orthodoxy: Mission, Governance and Confessional Politics in Volga-Kama region, 1827–1905. Cornell University Press.
Õigeusu koolide kohta. Haridusministeeriumi seletus 27.12.1918. (1919). Kasvatus, 1
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Published
2023-10-16
How to Cite
Paert, I., & Schvak, T. (2023). Orthodox Education in the Baltic provinces of Imperial Russia and independent Estonia from 1840s till 1941. Quaestio Rossica, (3), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2014.3.066
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