Translators and the emergence of historiography in eighteenthcentury Russia

Authors

  • Wim Coudenys Catholic University of Leuven

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.152

Abstract

An important aspect of the modernisation of Russia in the 18th century was the creation of academic institutions that relied on European traditions of research and education. Translation was the main mechanism of the ‘transfer of knowledge’, as well as a scientific method. Translation, however, was not restricted to the mere translation of academic texts into Russian: it also played a crucial role in the development of the sciences themselves in Russia and facilitated the exchange of scientific and scholarly knowledge with Western Europe (the ‘circulation of knowledge’). History was one of the disciplines where translation was particularly crucial. This article studies in detail the dynamics of translation within 18th-century Russian historiography. Based on statistical data derived from the Slovar’ russkikh pisatelei XVIII veka and the Katalog lichnykh arkhivnykh fondov otechestvennykh istorikov XVIII v., the article draws some interesting conclusions with regard to the constantly changing relationship between translators and historians (who were not infrequently the same people). Most of the article (and its sequel in the next issue of QR) deals with the role of translation in the emergence of Russian history as an academic discipline. It developed from a tool used for political purposes under Peter I into a method for the study of historical sources. This development led to the establishment of historiography as a discipline that relied both on verifiable sources and followed the rhetorical logic of narrative texts. At the beginning of the 19th century, translation as a tool and a historical methodology lost its significance. What did remain was the profound tradition of reference to international knowledge. Later on, Russian historiography was considerably enriched by translations of historical works. This argument makes up the first part of the article.

Author Biography

Wim Coudenys, Catholic University of Leuven

Dr., Professor, Chair of Applied Linguistics and Slavonic Studies

References

Allart, L. N. (1822). Podrobnoe opisanie osady goroda Narvy i srazheniya pod sim gorodom v 1700 godu (otryvok iz Istorii Petra Velikogo, sochinennoy generalom Allartom. Rukopis′) [Detailed description of the siege of the town of Narva and the battle near that town in 1700]. In Severnyy arkhiv, Part 1, № 1, pp. 3–28, № 2, pp. 117–143.
Alferov, Zh. I. (2010). Akademiya nauk v istorii kul′tury Rossii XVIII–XX vekov [The Academy of Sciences in the cultural history of Russia in the 18th – 20th centuries]. 707 p. Sankt Petersburg, Nauka.
Andreev, A. Yu. & Posokhov, S. I. (Eds.). (2012). Universitet v Rossiyskoy imperii XVIII – pervoy poloviny XIX veka [The university in the Russian Empire, 18th – first half of the 19th centuries]. 671 p. Moscow, ROSSPEN.
Argent, G., Offord, D. & Rjéoutski, V. S. (2013). Foreword: French language acquisition in Imperial Russia. In Vivliofika: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 1, pp. 1–4. Available at: URL: http://vivliofika.library.duke.edu/article/view/14839 (mode of access: 28.08.2015).
Barenbaum, I. E. (2006). Frantsuzskaya perevodnaya kniga v Rossii v XVIII veke. Knizhnaya kul′tura v mirovom sotsiume. Teoriya, istoriya, praktika [Books translated from French in 18th-century Russia. The culture of books in an international context. Theory, history, practice]. 448 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Barret-Kriegel, B. (1988). Jean Mabillon. 299 p. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
Barret-Kriegel, B. (1988). La défaite de l’érudition. 350 p. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France.
Barret-Kriegel, B. (1988). La République incertaine. 368 p. Paris, PUF.
Barret-Kriegel, B. (1988). Les académies de l’histoire. 233 p. Paris, PUF.
Belkovets, L. P. (1988). Rossiya v nemetskoy istoricheskoy zhurnalistike XVIII v. G. F. Miller i A. F. Byushing [Russia and German historical journalism of the 18th century. G. D. Muller and A. F. Busching]. 284 p. Tomsk, Izd-vo Tom. un-ta.
Black, J. L. (1986). G.-F. Müller and the Imperial Russian Academy. 290 p. Kingston ; Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Blome, А. (2006). „Die Zeitungen sind der Grund, die Anweisungen und Richtschnur aller Klugheit...“ : Zu den Grundlagen der Rußlandhistoriographie im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. In Dahlmann, D. (Hrsg.). Die Kenntnis Rußlands im deutschsprachigen Raum im 18. Jahrhundert. Wissenschaft und Publizistik über das Russische Reich (S. 25–41). Göttingen – Bonn, University Press.
Bucher, G. (2006). Auf verschlungenen Pfaden. Die Aufnahme von Gerhard Friedrich Müllers Schriften in Europa In Dahlmann, D. (Hrsg.). Die Kenntnis Rußlands im deutschsprachigen Raum im 18. Jahrhundert. Wissenschaft und Publizistik über das Russische Reich (S. 111–123). Göttingen ; Bonn, University Press.
Burke, P. (2000). A social history of knowledge. From Gutenberg to Diderot. 268 p. Cambridge ; Malden, Polity Press.
Burke, P. (2004). Languages and Communities in Early Modern Europe: The Wiles Lectures Given at the Queen’s University Belfast. 210 p. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Burke, P. (2007). Cultures of Translation in Early Modern Europe. In Burke, P. & Po-Chia Hsia, R. (Eds.). Cultural Tanslation in Early Modern Europe (pp. 7–38). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Chernobaev, A. A. (2003). Nemetskie uchenye-istoriki – chleny Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk v XVIII v. [German historians as members of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 18th century]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Tri veka nauchnogo sotrudnichestva (pp. 125–135). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Cracraft, J. (2004). The Petrine revolution in Russian culture. 576 p. Cambridge (MA) ; London, Cambridge, Mass. : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Cross, A. (1997). By the banks of the Neva: chapters from the lives and careers of the British in eighteenth-century Russia. 358 p. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Doronin, A. V. (2008). “Vvodya nravy i obychai Evropeyskie v Evropeyskom narode”: k probleme adaptatsii zapadnykh idey i praktik v Rossiyskoy imperii [“Introducing European manners and customs to a European nation” : On the problem of adapting western ideas and social practices in the Russian Empire]. 255 p. Moscow, ROSSPEN.
Faynshteyn, M. Sh. (2002). “I slavu Frantsii v Rossii prezvoyti…” : Rossiyskaya
Akademiya (1783–1941) i razvitie kul′tury i gumanitarnykh nauk [Russia will surmount the fame of France. The Rossiiskaia Akademiia and the development of culture and the humanities]. 192 p. Moscow, Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Fedorov, V. S. (1911). 200-letie Kabineta Ego Imperatorskago Velichestva, 1704–1904 [200 years of the Emperor’s Private Cabinet]. 680 p. Sankt Petersburg, Tovarishchestvo R. Golike i A. Vil′borg.
Fokkerodt, I. G. & Pleyer, O. (1874). Rossiya pri Petre Velikom, po rukopisnomu izvestiyu [Russia in the age of Peter the Great]. 122 p. Moscow, Imperatorsk. o-vo istorii i drevnostey rossiyskikh pri Mosk. un-te.
Glück, H. & Polanska, I. (2005). Johann Ernst Glück (1654–1705): Pastor, Philologe, Volksaufklärer im Baltikum und in Russland. 264 S. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
Golburt, L. (2014). The First Epoch. The Eighteenth Century and the Russian Cultural Imagination. 387 p. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.
Gonneau, P. (2005). Pierre le Grand, lecteur de la Stepennaia kniga : à la recherche de précédents historiques à la déchéance du tsarévitch Alexis. In Revue des études slaves, 1, pp. 51–59.
Gonneau, P. & Rai, E. (Eds.). (2013). Ecrire et réécrire l’histoire russe d’Ivan le Terrible à Vasilii Kliuchevskii (1547–1917). 287 p. Paris, Institut d’Études Slaves.
Gotlib Zigfrid Bayer – akademik Peterburgskoy Akademii nauk [Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer – academic of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences]. (1996). 79 p. Sankt Petersburg, Evropeysky Dom.
Gouzévitch, I. (2003). De la Moscovie à l’Empire russe: le transfert des savoirs européens. 151 p. Paris.
Gouzévitch, I. (2006). The Editorial Policy as a Mirror of Petrine Reforms: Textbooks and Their Translators in Early Eighteenth-Century Russia. In Science & Educa, pp. 841–862.
Grafton, A. (1999). The Footnote. A Curious History. 241 p. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Grafton A. (2007). What was History? The Art of History in Early Modern Europe. 319 p. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Grell, C. (1993). L’histoire entre érudition et philosophie. Etude sur la connaissance historique à l’âge des Lumières. 301 p. Paris, Presses universitaires de France.
Herman, E. (1872). Russland unter Peter dem Großen nach den handschriftlichen Berichten Johann Gotthilf Vockerodt’s und Otto Pleyer’s. 140 S. Leipzig, Verlag von Duncker & Humblot.
Hoffmann, P. (2000). Anton Friedrich Büsching (1724–1793). Ein Leben im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. 322 S. Berlin, Berlin Spitz Cop.
Hoffmann, P. & Osipov, V. I. (1995). Geographie, Geschichte und Bildungswesen in Russland und Deutschland im 18. Jahrhundert: Briefwechsel Anton Friedrich Büsching-Gerhard Friedrich Müller, 1751 bis 1783. 577 S. Berlin, Akademie-Verlag.
Hughes, L. (1998). Russia in the age of Peter the Great. 602 p. New Haven, Yale University Press.
Huterer, А. (2001). Die Wortbildungslehre in der Anweisung zur Erlernung der slavonisch-russischen Sprache (1705–1729) von Johann Werner Paus. 327 p. München ; Berlin ; Washington DC, Sagner.
Ilarionova, T. (2009). Nemtsy na gosudarstvennoy sluzhbe Rossii: k istorii voprosa na primere osvoeniya Dal′nego Vostoka [Germans in the service of the Russian state: the history of the issue through the example of the Far East]. 224 p. Moscow, Institut energii znany.
Istrina, M. V. (1980). Akademicheskie perevodchiki v XVIII veke [Academic Translators in the 18th century]. In Knizhnoe delo v Rossii v XVI-XIX vekakh. Sbornik statey (pp. 105–115). Leningrad, BAN.
Kamensky, A. B. (1991). Arkhivnoe delo v Rossii XVIII veka: istoriko-kul′turnyy aspect (postanovka problemy, istoriografii, istochniki) : Uchebnoe posobie [Archives in Russia in the 18th century: historical and cultural aspects. Handbook]. 70 p. Moscow, RGGU.
Karp, S. Ya. (Ed.), Shlobakh, Y. & Sokol′skaya N. F. (Transl.). (2000). Russkie i nemtsy v XVIII veke. Vstrecha kul′tur [Russians and Germans in the 18th century. The encounter of cultures]. 312 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Katalog lichnykh arkhivnykh fondov otechestvennykh istorikov. Vypusk 1. XVIII vek [Catalogue of personal archival resources of Russian historians. Part 1. The 18th century]. (2001). 368 p. Moscow, Ed. URSS.
Katalog lichnykh arkhivnykh fondov otechestvennykh istorikov. Vypusk 2. Pervaya polovina XIX veka [Catalogue of personal archival resources of Russian historians. Part 2: First half of the 19th century]. (2007). 720 p. Moscow, Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya.
Keipert, H. (2004). Russischlernen im 18. Jahrhundert. In Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie, 1, S. 70–95.
Khoteev, P. I. (2008). Nemetskaya kniga i russkiy chitatel′ v pervoy polovine XVIII veka [German books and their Russian readers in the first half of the 18th century]. 372 p. Sankt Petersburg.
Kiseleva, M. S. (2011). Intellektual′nyy vybor Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVII – nachala XVIII veka: ot drevnerusskoy knizhnosti k evropeyskoy uchenosti [Russia’s intellectual choice in the second half of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries]. 472 p. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya.
Kislova, E. I. (2013). Le français et l’allemand dans l’éducation religieuse en Russie au XVIII siècle. In Vivliofika: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 1, pp. 48–74. URL: http://vivliofika.library.duke.edu/article/view/14787 (mode of access: 07.07.2015).
Kleyn, I. (2005). Puti kul′turnogo importa: trudy po russkoy literatury XVIII veka [Ways of cultural import: studies of Russian literature in the 18th century]. 576 p. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoy kul′tury.
Koch, K. (2002). Deutsch als Frendsprache im Rußland des 18. Jahrhunderts. 456 S. Berlin.
Kopelevich, Yu. Kh. (1977). Osnovanie peterburgskoy Akademii nauk [The founding of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences]. 210 p. Leningrad, Nauka.
Kopelevich, Yu. Kh. (1999). G. F. Miller i Peterburgskaya Akademiya nauk [Muller and the Petersburg Academy of Sciences]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Peterburgskie nemtsy (pp. 475–483). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Korzun, S. (2013). Heinrich von Huyssen (1666 - 1739): Prinzenerzieher, Diplomat und Publizist in den Diensten Zar Peters I., des Großen. 267 S. Wiesbaden.
Kostin, A. A. & Demin, A. O. (Eds.). (2013). M. V. Lomonosov i slovesnost′ ego vremeni. Perevod i podrazhenie v russkoy literature XVIII veka [Lomonosov and the literature of his time. Translation and imitation in Russian literature of the 18th century]. 304 p. Moscow, Sankt Petersburg.
Kovrigina, V. A. (2000). Nemetskaya sloboda Moskvy i ee rol′ v russko-germanskikh kontaktakh pervoy poloviny XVIII v. [The German borrow in Moscow and its role in the establishment of Russian-German contacts in the first half of the 18th century]. In Karp, S. Ya. (Ed.), Shlobakh, Y. & Sokol′skaya N. F. (Transl.). Russkie i nemtsy v XVIII veke. Vstrecha kul′tur (pp. 189–202). Moscow, Nauka.
Kulakova, I. P. (2007). G. F. Miller – agent evropeyskogo kul′turnogo vliyaniya v Rossii [G. F. Muller as an agent of European cultural influence in Russia]. In Dal′mann, D. & Smagina, G. I. (Eds.). G. F. Miller i russkaya kul′tura (pp. 340–357). Sankt Petersburg, Rostok.
Labutina, T. L. (2013). Anglichane v dopetrovskoy Rossii [Englishmen in pre-Petrine Russia]. 272 p. Sankt Petersburg, Aleteyya.
Lehmann-Carli, G. (1994). Aufklärungsrezeption, ‘prosveshchenie‘ und ‘Europäisierung‘. In Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 3, S. 358–382.
Lehmann-Carli, G. (2001). Kulturelle Übersetzung westlicher Konzepte und nachpetrinische Identitätsentwürfe bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts. In Lehmann-Carli, G., Drosihn, Y. & Klitsche-Sowitzki, U. (Hrsg.). Russland zwischen Ost und West? Gratwanderungen nationaler Identität (S. 13–80). Berlin, Frank und Timme.
Lehmann-Carli, G., Schippan, M., Scholz, B. & Brohm, S. (Hrsg). (2001). Russische Aufklärungs-Rezeption im Kontext offizieller Bildungskonzepte (1700–1825): Aufklärung und Europa. 681 S. Berlin, Verlag Arno Spitz Gmbh Berlin.
Lenhoff, G. (2005). The construction of Russian history in Stepennaja kniga. In Revue des études slaves, 1, pp. 31–50.
Lenhoff, G. & Kleimola, A. M. (2011). The Book of Royal Degrees and the genesis of Russian historical consciousness. 364 p. Bloomington, Indiana.
Levin, Yu. D. (1995–1996). Istoriya russkoy perevodnoy khudozhestvennoy literatury: drevnyaya Rus′. XVIII vek [History of Russian translated literature: Old Russia. 18th century]. Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Luppov, S. P. (1973). Kniga v Rossii v pervoy chetverti XVIII veka [Books in Russia in the first quarter of the 18th century]. 372 p. Leningrad, Nauka.
Luppov, S. P. (1976). Kniga v Rossii v poslepetrovskoe vremya 1725–1740 [Books in Russia after Peter I, 1725–1740]. 380 p. Leningrad, Nauka.
Malovichko, S. I. (2001). Otechestvenna istoricheskaya mysl′ XVIII veka o vozniknovenii i ranney sotsial′no-politicheskoy zhizni drevnerusskogo goroda (ot kievskogo “Sinopsisa” do “Nestora” A. L. Shletsera) [Russian historical thinking in the 18th century on the emergence and the early social and political life in Russian towns. From the Kievan “Sinopsis” to Schlozer’s “Nestor”]. 415 p. Stavropol, Izd-vo Stavrop. gos. un-ta.
Malysheva, N. I. (2001). Sud′ba knigi Samuila Pufendorfa “O dolzhnosti cheloveka i grazhdanina” v Rossii [The fate of Samuel Puffendorf’s “On the obligations of man and citizen”]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Rossiysko-nemetsky dialog (pp. 187–197). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulunin.
Marker, G. (1985). Publishing, Printing, and the Origins of Intellectual Life in Russia, 1700 - 1800. 301 p. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
Materialy dlya istorii Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk [Materials for a history of the Imperial Academy of Sciences]. (1885–1900). Sankt Petersburg, Tip. Imp. AN.
Maykova, T. S. (1973). Petr I i “Gistoriya Sveyskoy voyny” [Peter I and the “History of the Northern War”]. In Pavlenko, N. I. (Ed.). Rossiya v period reform Petra I (pp. 103–132). Moscow, Nauka.
Mervaud, M. (2009). “Histoire d’Azov” de Gottlieb Siegfried Bayer. In Mervaud, M.& Viellard, S. (Eds.). Naissance de l’historiographie russe (pp. 17–71). Toulouse.
Mervaud, M. & Viellard, S. (Réd.). (2009). Naissance de l’historiographie russe. 273 p. Toulouse.
Miller, G. F. (1750). Opisanie sibirskago tsarstva i vsekh proizshedshikh v nem del, ot nachala a osoblivo ot pokoreniya ego Rossiyskoy Derzhave po sii vremena [Description of the kingdom of Siberia and all the events that have happened there, from the beginning and in particular from its to the its subjugation to the Russian Power until this day]. 457 p. Sankt Petersburg, Imperatorskaya Akademiya Nauk.
Miller, G. F. (1937–1941). Istoriya Sibiri [History of Siberia]. 607 + 637 p. Moscow, Leningrad, Izdatel′stvo akademii nauk SSSR.
Miller, F. G. & Kamensky, A. B. (Comp.). (1996). Sochineniya po istorii Rossii. Izbrannoe [Works on the history of Russia. Selection]. 448 p. Moscow, Nauka.
Mulsow, M. (2012). Prekäres Wissen. Eine andere Ideengeschichte der Frühen Neuzeit. 556 S. Berlin, Suhrkamp Verlag.
Müller, G. F. (1900). Instruction G. F. Müller’s für den Akademiker-Adjuncten J. E. Fischer. In Sbornik Muzeya antropologii i etnografii, 1, pp. 37–109.
Offord, D. (2014). Francophonie in Imperial Russia. In Rjéoutski, V. S., Argent, G. & Offord, D. (Eds.). European Francophonie: the social, political and cultural history of an international prestige language (pp. 371–404). Oxford, Peter Lang.
Okenfuss, M. J. (1995). The Rise and Fall of Latin Humanism in Early-modern Russia : Pagan Authors, Ukrainians, and the Resiliency of Muscovy. 290 p. Leiden, Brill Academic publ.
Pekarsky, P. P. (1862). Nauka i literatura v Rossii pri Petre Velikom. T. 1: Vvedenie v istoriyu prosveshcheniya v Rossii XVIII veka [Science and literature in Russia under Peter the Great. Vol. 1: introduction to the history of the Enlightenment in Russia in the 18th century]. 578 p. Sankt Petersburg, tip. t-va “Obshchestvennaya Pol′za”.
Pekarsky, P. P. (1867). Redaktor, sotrudniki i tsenzura v russkom zhurnale 1755–1764 godov [Editor, collaborators and censorship in a Russian journal, 1755–1764]. 88 p. Sankt Petersburg.
Pekarsky, P. P. (1870–1873). Istoriya Imperatorskoy akademii nauk v Peterburge [History of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Saint-Petersburg]. 774 + 1042 p. Sankt Petersburg, tip. Imp. Akad. Nauk.
Peretts, V. N. (1902). Istoriko-literaturnye issledovaniya i materialy. Tom 3: iz istorii razvitiya russkoy poezii XVIII v. [Historical and literary studies and materials. Vol. 3: on the history of Russian poetry in the 18th century]. 426 p. Sankt Petersburg, Tipografiya F. Vaysberga i P. Gershunina.
Pogosyan, E. (2001). Petr I – arkhitektor rossiyskoy istorii [Peter I as architector of Russian history]. 424 p. Sankt Petersburg, Iskusstvo-SPB.
Poslykhalin, A. Yu. (n. d.) Shvedskie voennoplennye vremen Severnoy voyny v Moskve i Podmoskov′e, 1700–1721 [Swedish POWs from the Northern War in Moscow and surroundings, 1700–1721]. URL:http://trojza.blogspot.ru/2013/03/1700-1721.html (mode of access: 07.07.2015).
Rak, V. D. (2008). Stat′i o literature XVIII veka [Articles on literature of the 18th century]. 640 p. Sankt Petersburg, Pushkinsky dom.
Rjéoutski, V. (2013) Apprendre la ‘langue de l’Europe’: le français parmi d’autres langues dans l’éducation en Russie au siècle des Lumières. In Vivliofika: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 1, pp. 5–19. URL: http://vivliofika.library.duke.edu/article/view/14833 (mode of access: 07.07.2015).
Rjéoutski, V. (2013). Le français et d’autres langues dans l’éducation en Russie au siècle des Lumières. In Vivliofika: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 1, pp. 20–47. URL: http://vivliofika.library.duke.edu/article/view/14789 (mode of access:07.07.2015).
Saltykov, F. S. (1897). Iz′′yavleniya pribytochnye gosudarstvu [Declarations that are fruitful for the state]. In Pavlov-Sil’vanskiy N. P. (Sost.). Proekty reform v zapiskakh sovremennikov Petra Velikogo. Opyt izucheniya russkikh proektov i neizdannye ikh teksty. Ch. II, pp. 1–47. Sankt Petersburg, Tip. V. F. Kirshbauma.
Samarin, A. Yu. (1998). Rasprostranenie i chitatel′ pervykh pechatnykh knig po istorii Rossii (konets XVII–XVIII v.) [The distribution and readership of the first books about the history of Russia]. 159 p. Moscow, Izd-vo MGUP.
Sapozhnikov, O. A. & Sapozhnikova, I. Yu. (2013). Mechta o russkom edinstve. Kievskiy Sinopsis (1674) [The dream of Russia’s unity. The Kievan “Sinopsis” (1674)]. 239 p. Moscow, Evropa.
Savel′eva, E. A. (1999). Izdanie russkikh letopisey v “Sammlung Russischer Geschichte” G. F. Millera [The publication of Russian chronicles in G. F. Muller’s “Sammlung Russischer Geschichte”]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Peterburgskie nemtsy (pp. 505–510). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Savel′eva, E. A. (2000). Unter-bibliotekar′ Iogann Kaspar Taubert [Assistant-librarian I. K. Taubert]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Russko-nemetskie nauchnye i kul′turnye svyazi (pp. 295–308). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Schierle, I. (2001). “Sich sowohl in verschiedenen Wissensgebieten als auch in der Landessprache verbessern”. Übersetzungen im Zeitalter Katharinas II. In Lehmann-Carli, G., Schippan, M., Scholz, B. & Brohm, S. (Hrsg.). Russische Aufklärungs-Rezeption im Kontext offizieller Bildungskonzepte (1700–1825) (S. 627–642). Berlin, Verlag Arno Spitz.
Schippan, M. (2012). Die Aufklärung in Russland im 18. Jahrhundert. 493 S. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
Scholz, B. (2000). Von der Chronistik zur modernen Geschichtswissenschaft. Die Warägerfrage in der russischen, deutschen und schwedischen Historiographie. 457 s. Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz.
Scholz, B. (2001). Russische Geschichte an der Petersburger Akademie der Wissenschaften in der ersten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. In Lehmann-Carli, G., Schippan, M., Scholz, B. & Brohm, S. (Hrsg.). Russische Aufklärungs-Rezeption im Kontext offizieller Bildungskonzepte. S. 515–536. Berlin, Verlag Arno Spitz.
Semennikov, V. I. (1913). Sobranie starayushcheesya o perevode inostrannykh knig, uchrezhdennoe Ekaterinoy II, 1768–1783 gg. Istoriko-literaturnoe issledovanie [The Congregation for the advancement of the translation of foreign books, created by Catherine II, 1768–1783. Historical-literary study]. 98 p. Sankt Petersburg, Tip “Sirius”.
Shebaldina, G. V. (2005) Shvedskie voennoplennye v Sibiri v pervoy chetverti XVIII veka [Swedish POWs in Siberia in the first quarter of the 18th century]. 210 p. Moscow, Izd-vo RGGU.
Shletser, A. L. (1875). Obshchestvennaya i chastnaya zhizn′ Avgusta Lyudviga Shletsera im samim opisannaya: prebyvanie i sluzhba v Rossii ot 1761 do 1765 g.; izvestiya o togdashney russkoy literature [The public and private life of A.L. Schlozer written by himself: his stay and service in Russia from 1761 until 1765]. 531 p. Sankt Petersburg.
Slovar′ russkikh pisateley XVIII veka [Dictionary of Russian authors of the 18th century]. (1988-2010). Sankt Petersburg. URL: http://lib.pushkinskijdom.ru/Default.aspx?tabid=460 (mode of access: 07.07.2015).
Smagina, G. I. (2000). Rossiyskie-nemetskie nauchnye svyazi v XVIII–XIX vv. [Russian and German scientific relations in the 18th and 19th centuries]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.).
Nemtsy v Rossii. Russko-nemetskie nauchnye i kul′turnye svyazi (pp. 208–224). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Smagina, G. I. (2000a). Nemtsy-uchitelya i ustroiteli uchebnykh zavedeniy Peterburga v XVIII v. [German teachers and founders of schools in Petersburg in the 18th century]. In Karp, S. Ya., Shlobakh, Y. & Sokol′skaya N. F. (Eds.). Russkie i nemtsy v XVIII veke (pp. 203–210). Moscow, Nauka.
Sobolev V .S. (2007). I. E. Fisher i izuchenie Sibiri [I. E. Fischer and the study of Siberia]. In Dal′mann, D. & Smagina, G. I. (Eds.). G. F. Miller i russkaya kul′tura (pp. 293–296). Sankt Petersburg, Rostok.
Starchevsky, A. V. (1845). Ocherk literatury russkoy istorii do Karamzina [Sketch of the Russian historical literature before Karamzin]. Sankt Petersburg, Tip. K. Zhernakova.
Stockhorst, S. (2010). Cultural Transfer Through Translation: The Circulation of Enlightened Thought in Europe by Means of Translation. 343 p. Amsterdam ; N. Y., Rodopi.
Sweet, R. (2004). Antiquaries. The discovery of the past in eighteenth-century Britain. 473 p. L., N. Y.
Titova, Z. D. (2001). I. E. Fisher – uchastnik vtoroy Kamchatskoy ekspeditsii (neopublikovannye materialy serediny XVIII v.) [Fischer as a participant of the Second Kamchatka expedition (unpublished materials from the mid-18th century)]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Rossiysko-nemetskiy dialog (pp. 27–32). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Titova, Z. D. (2007). Vklad G. F. Millera v istoriko-etnograficheskoe izuchenie narodov Sibiri [G. F. Muller and the historical and ethnographical study of the peoples of Siberia]. In Dal′mann, D. & Smagina, G. I. (Eds.). G. F. Miller i russkaya kul′tura (pp. 215–225). Sankt Petersburg, Rostok.
Turnaev, V. I. (2007). O natsional′noy tendentsii v razvitii Peterburgskoy Akademii nauk (20–40-e gg. XVIII veka): ocherki istorii russko-nemetskikh nauchnykh svyazey [On the national tendencies in the development of the Petersburg Academy of sciences (1720–1740s): historical sketch of Russian-German scientific relations]. Moscow, Vodoley Publ.
Turner, J. (2014). Philology. The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities. 550 p. Princeton ; Oxford, Princeton University Press.
Tyulenev, S. (2012). Translation in the Westernization of Eighteenth-Century Russia. 265 p. Berlin, Frank & Timme.
Vasil′eva, N. E. (1999). Nemtsy-vostokovedy v Akademii nauk (XVIII – pervaya polovina XIX v.) [German orientalists in the Academy of Sciences (18th - first half of the 19th centuries)]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed., Comp.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Peterburgskie nemtsy (pp.126–136). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.
Veber, F.-Kh. (2011). Preobrazhennaya Rossiya ; Novye zapiski o nyneshnem sostoyanii Moskovii [Nouveaux memoires sur l’etat present de la Moscovie]. 304 p. Sankt Petersburg, Iskusstvo-SPb.
Vovina-Lebedeva, V. G. (2011). Shkoly issledovaniya russkikh letopisey: XIX–XX vv. [Research schools of the Russian chronicles: 19th–20th centuries] 928 p. Sankt Petersburg, Dmitriy Bulanin.
Weber, F. Ch. (1725). Nouveaux mémoires sur l’état présent de la Grande Russie ou Moscovie. 438 p. Paris, Pissot.
Weber, F. Ch. (1744). Das veränderte Russland in welchem die jetzige Verfassung des Geist und weltlichen Regiments der Kriegs-Staat zu Lande und zu Wasser. 490 + 247 + 243 S. Leipzig.
Winter, E. (Hrsg.). (1953). Halle als Ausgangspunkt der deutschen Russlandkunde im 18. Jahrhundert. 502 S. Berlin, Akad.-Verlag.
Winter, E. (1958). Ein Bericht von Johann Werner Paus aus dem Jahre 1732. In Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 3 (5), S. 744-770.
Yur′ev, I. & Serov, D. O. (2013). Izvestie o zhitii i deystvakh derzhavstvuyushchikh velikikh knyazey rossiyskikh [Information about the life and deeds of the ruling Grand Princes of Russia]. 368 p. Moscow, OGI.
Zdobnov, N. V. (1951). Istoriya russkoy bibliografii do nachala XX veka [History of Russian bibliography before the 20th century]. 512 p. Moscow, Izdatel′stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Zyuss, V. (2001). Stanovlenie i razvitie sotsiokul′turnykh i obrazovatel′nykh svyazey Rossii i Germanii: Epokha Petra I [Creation and development of socio-cultural and educational relations between Russia and Germany: the era of Peter I]. In Smagina, G. I. (Ed., Comp.). Nemtsy v Rossii. Rossiysko-nemetskiy dialog (pp. 145–154). Sankt Petersburg, Dmitry Bulanin.

Published

2016-04-06

How to Cite

Coudenys, W. (2016). Translators and the emergence of historiography in eighteenthcentury Russia. Quaestio Rossica, 4(1), 235–260. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2016.1.152

Issue

Section

Vox redactoris