Word and Image in Christian Animal Emblems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2015.1.085Abstract
The article explores the animal emblems in the written tradition and artifacts of Early Christian art. The author provides a historical description of the abovementioned monuments created between the 9th and 11th centuries, a period that faced an important event, i. e. the East–West Schism (1054). It was at the same time that the Slavic writing system emerged along with the first liturgical language of the Slavs. The author outlines the history of Old Slavic liturgical literature but mainly focuses on the Byzantine and Roman manuscripts and works of art that played a significant role in the development of Christianity among Slavs. The author argues that the appearing animal depictions connected with the concept of divine creation and the overcoming of spiritual weakness had a significant non-coincidental character. The analysis is made with reference to iconographic images, book miniatures and ornamental animal motifs and to the context of a variety of Scripture books. The conclusions made are important as they provide additional information on both Christian iconography and the history of Slavic culture as a whole.References
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Bergamini, G. & Tavano, S. (1984). Storia dell'arte nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia. Udine: Chiandetti Eitore.
Brusin, G. (1958). Aquileia e Grado. In Storia di Venezia. (Vol. 2). Venezia.
Corpvs Christianorvm. Conciliorum Oecumenicorum Generaliumque Decreta. (Vol. 1). (2006). 373 p. Bologna: Brepols.
Cumont, F. (1996). Recherches sur le symbolisme funeraire des Romains. 543 p. Paris: Рaul Geuthner.
Demoen, K. (1998). The Theologian on Icons? (Byzantine and modern claims and dissortions). Byzantinische Zeitschrift. (Bd. 91, S. 1–19).
Demus, O. (1976). Byzantine Mosaic Decoration (Aspects of Monumental Art in Byzantium). 97 p., 64 il. NY: Caratzas Brothers Publishers.
Diehl, Ch. (1928). L’art chretien primitif et l’art byzantin. 63 p. Paris & Bruxelles: Les editions G. van Oest.
Gaberscek, C. (1978). Tradizioni tardo-antiche nella scultura altomedioevale dell’alto
adriatico. In Antichita alto adriatiche. Aquileia e Ravenna. (Vol. 13, pp. 537–552). Udine: Arti grafiche friulane.
Golubczov, P. A. (1995). Iz chtenij po cerkovnoj arheologii i liturgike [Of the readings
on church archeology and liturgy]. 371 p. Saint Petersburg: Satis. Gombrich, E. (2002). The Story of Art. NY: Phaidon.
Grabar, A. (1972). Les manuscrits grecs enluminés de provenance italienne (IXe–XIe siécles). 103 p., 392 il. Paris: Editions Klincksieck.
Heid, S. (2011). Romanness of Roman Christianity. In A Companion to Roman Religion (pp. 406–424). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Huber, P. (1975). Images et Messages (Miniatures byzantines de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament). 211 p. Zurich: Atlantis.
Kitzinger, E. (1995). Byzantine Art in the Making: Main Lines of Stylistic Development in Mediterranean Art 3rd–7th Century. 175 p. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Kitzinger, E. (2002). Arte altomedievale. XVII, 164 p. Torino: Einaudi.
Martinelli, P. A. (1968). «Corpus» della scultura paleocristiana, bizantina e altomedioevale di Ravenna. (Vol. 1. Altari, amboni, cibori, cornici, plutei con figure di animali e con intrecci, transenne e frammenti vari). 85 p. Roma: De Luca.
Nahtigal, R. (1941). Euchologium Sinaiticum. (Starocerkvenoslovanski glagolski spomenik). (Vol. 1). 423 p. Ljubljana: SAZU.
Ševčenko, I. (1991). Byzantium and the Slavs: In Letters and Culture. Cambridge-Napoli (Ch. 34. Report on the Glagolitic Fragments, pp. 617–651).
Venturi, A. (1901). Storia dell’arte italiana. (Vol. 1. Dai primordi dell'arte cristiana al tempo di Giustiniano). Milano: U. Hoepli.
Weitzmann, K. (1971). Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination. 346 p. Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press.
Weitzmann, K. (1977). Late Antique and Early Christian Book Illumination. 129 p. NY: George Braziller.
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Zajc, N. (2015). Word and Image in Christian Animal Emblems. Quaestio Rossica, (1), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.15826/qr.2015.1.085
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