TY - JOUR AU - Heyde, Jürgen PY - 2014/12/05 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Livonia under the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. The struggle for power and the social transformation JF - Quaestio Rossica JA - QR VL - 0 IS - 2 SE - Problema voluminis DO - 10.15826/qr.2014.2.045 UR - https://qr.urfu.ru/ojs/index.php/qr/article/view/045 SP - 112 - 143 AB - <p>The article describes the controversial correlation of forces in Livonia’s fight to retain its status quo. The geopolitical situation caused Livonia, though a sovereign but highly dependent state, to gradually disappear. Livonia’s structure was far from monolithic; it was a complex of secular, church, order and city jurisdictions. There were estates that had either lost or acquired rights. Internationally, this European province, whose territory was being claimed by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, Denmark, and Russia, was incapable of surviving in the intensifying political and military confrontations that dominated the region in the last third of the 17th century.<br><br></p> ER -